Desquamative gingivitis: Does the gingiva tell you more than what meets the eye? A comprehensive review

Abstract

Several systemic diseases and conditions, allergic reactions to various agents, and psychological stress manifest in different ways on the gingiva. Desquamative gingivitis is one such condition that presents as erythema, ulcerations, or erosions on the gingiva and may be indicative of a bigger underlying condition/disease. While examining the oral cavity, we often forget that it is an integral part of the rest of the body, the oral mucosa, particularly the gingiva, is the site where several systemic diseases and conditions manifest. This review paper attempts to throw light on the various conditions and diseases manifesting as desquamative gingivitis, the importance of clinical examination, and proper history recording, along with relevant histopathological and immunological investigations. It also looks into the different modalities of management and treatment of desquamative gingivitis.