Electrochemical control of solid phase micro-extraction using unique conducting polymer coated fibers

Abstract

The use of a solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) method with poly(3-methylthiophene) coated platinum micro-fiber electrodes to extract arsenate ions from aqueous solutions without derivatization is described. The fibers were fabricated by cycling the working electrode between –0.20 and +1.7 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in an acetonitrile solution containing 50 mM 3-methylthiophene monomer and 75 mM tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBATFB) electrolyte. All electrochemical procedures (extraction and expulsion) were conducted in a three-electrode system. After fabrication, the conducting polymer film was immersed in the sample solution and converted to its oxidized, positively charged form by applying a constant potential of +1.2 V with respect to Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Arsenate ions migrated into the film to maintain electroneutrality. Upon subsequent reversal of the potential to –0.60 V vs. Ag/AgCl, the polymer film was converted to its reduced, neutral form and the arsenate ions were expelled into a smaller volume (200 µL) of de-ionized water for analysis using flow injection with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) detection.