Qubit dynamics driven by dipole field in thermal noise environment

Abstract

Quantum computing is a new way to processing quantum information by using superposition and entanglement of the quantum system. Quantum state's vast Hilbert space allows it to perform operations that classical computers cannot compared with classical computing, quantum computing has unique advantages in dealing with some complex problems, so it has attracted wide attention. Computing a single qubit is the first of seven fundamental stages needed to achieve a large-scale quantum computer that is universal, scalable and fault-tolerant. In other words, the primary task of quantum computing is the careful preparation and precise regulation of qubits. At present, the physical systems that can be used as qubits include superconducting qubits, semiconductor qubits, ion trap systems and nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers, etc. These physical systems have made great progress in terms of decoherence time and scalability. Due to the vulnerability of qubits, ambient thermal noise can cause quantum decoherence, which greatly affects the fidelity of qubits. Improving the fidelity of qubits is therefore a key step towards large-scale quantum computing. Based on the dipole field driven qubit, the stochastic dynamic structure decomposition method is adopted and the Kubo-Einstein fluctuation-dissipation theorem is applied to study the qubit control in a thermal noise environment. The dipole field has components in three directions, not just in one plane, which allows for more flexible control of quantum states. Without considering the noise, the quantum state can reach the target state 100%. In the noisy environment, thermal noise will cause the deviation between the actual final state and the target final state caused by thermal fluctuation, which becomes the main factor affecting the quantum fidelity. The influence of thermal noise is related to temperature and the evolution trajectory of quantum states. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimization scheme to improve the qubit fidelity in the thermal noise environment. The feasibility of this method is verified by numerical calculation, which can provide a new solution for further guidance and evaluation of the experiment. The scheme is suitable for qubit systems of various physical control fields. For example, in semiconductor qubits and nitrogen vacancy center qubits. This work may have more applications in the future as quantum manipulation technology continues to evolve. This work can also be extended to multi-qubit systems, the details of which will be covered in future work.