Gastric GIST with 13 kg in Asymptomatic Patient: A Rare Case of Giant GIST and Literature Review

Abstract

Although gastrointestinal stromal tumors, GISTs, are the most common neoplasms arising from the gastrointestinal mesenchyme, they represent less than 1% of all digestive tumors [1]. Its incidence has increased in recent years, probably due to improved diagnostic methods [2]. It is currently known that GIST is the most common sarcoma [3]. It originates from interstitial cells of Cajal and depends on the transcription factor ETV-1. These are neoplasms associated with molecular alterations and some mutations: In more than 75% of cases there is the KIT mutation (CD 117) [3], 10% have mutation in platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) and wild-type GISTs have a mutation in the SDH pathway [3]. There does not seem to be a predilection between the sexes. They affect a wide age range, but in around 75% of cases, it is more common over 50 years of age [4]. Any organ of the digestive tract can be affected by GIST, however more than 50% of cases are seen in the stomach, 25% in the small intestine and a minority in the colon, rectum, retroperitoneum, omentum, among others [5-9]. Its size can vary from millimetric lesions to the so-called giant GISTs, a definition in the literature for those with more than 10 cm in diameter [10].