MODERN METHODS OF IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN THE IRRIGATION SYSTEMS OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

Abstract

The article deals with the issues of operational diagnostics of reclamation systems, which allow timely prevention of negative phenomena on the system and planning measures to improve its functioning and protect the environment. Operational management of irrigation is carried out in the process of implementing the operational modes of irrigation of agricultural crops in order to consistently ensure optimal soil moisture to obtain maximum yield by optimizing the timing and rates of irrigation based on current and forecast weather, agrotechnical, organizational and economic factors. The operational management of irrigation is most effective if it is based on the use of technical means for the rapid collection and processing of the necessary information in the presence of an appropriate technological service. Systematic (daily) accounting of weather and organizational and economic factors makes it possible to predict soil moisture reserves for the next 5-10 days and adjust the timing and rates of irrigation, taking into account the state of soil moisture in each field. The controlled subsystem is designed to supply and drain water, as well as regulate the reclamation regimes of agricultural lands. The control subsystem provides operational management of water flows in the reclamation system, reclamation regimes of agricultural lands, technical condition of the reclamation system. It makes decisions and transmits control signals or commands to the controlled subsystem, and also receives incoming information about the state of the control object. The general tasks of the indicated operation services are the issues of rational distribution of irrigation water among the relevant parts of the system and water user farms, including irrigation fields; organization of commercial and operational accounting of irrigation water with the mandatory determination of the amount of waste and collector-drainage water; control over the use of irrigation water and the ameliorative state of lands and the natural environment; carrying out maintenance and repair work; implementation of measures to improve systems and increase their technical level; implementation of operational diagnostics on systems and farms.