Influence of Different Land Management Systems on the Dynamics of Carbon Biodegradability and Nitrogen Mineralization in a Sudanian Savanah Grasslands Soil, Western Burkina Faso

M. Yoni, A. W. Sempore, K. Dimobe
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Abstract

This study aimed to assess soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) dynamics under fallow lands influenced by the perennial grass Andropogon gayanus and to show how the biological activity is improved during the Sudanian tillage system in the area of Bondoukuy (Western Burkina Faso). Soil samplings were done through cultivated plots (CP), ten (F10) and twenty (F20) years old fallow lands. Measurements were done in thickets and intergrowth areas of the perennial grass in two horizons: the topsoil (0-10 cm) and the subsoil (10-20 cm). Results showed that SOC concentrations are generally higher in the old (0.35%) than in the young fallow lands (0.29%) and in the cultivated plots (0.23%). TN concentrations followed the same pattern (0.022%, 0.017% for the old and young fallows lands and 0.013% for the cultivated plots). The C:N ratio observed (15~20) suggests an important soil organic matter (SOC and TN) maturation state in the fallow lands (F10 and F20) than in the cultivated plots (CP). Soil mineralization is also more important in the two fallow lands than in fields. For the total nitrogen mineralization, we have an important production of mineral nitrogen always in old fallow lands and a positive effect of the thicket on the net mineral nitrogen accumulation (p<0.05). The transition from thicket to intergrowth area permits obtaining positive variations which are relatively significant (p<0.05). A. gayanus fallow lands play an active role in managing SOC and TN dynamics. The most SOC and TN accumulated was found in the topsoil of thickets, where the maximum plant debris is located. Old fallow lands are best conditions for the recovery of SOC and TN from their steady states. Then, when clearing the vegetation for cultivation after the old fallow lands, there is an important input of fresh OM available for plants in the soil for 3 or 4 years. It is recommended to observe the old fallow phase prior to clearing for cropping.
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不同土地管理制度对布基纳法索西部苏丹稀树草原土壤碳生物降解性和氮矿化动态的影响
本研究旨在评估多年生草Andropogon gayanus对休耕地土壤有机碳(SOC)和总氮(TN)动态的影响,并揭示苏丹耕作制度下Bondoukuy地区土壤生物活性的改善情况。土壤取样通过耕地(CP)、10年(F10)和20年(F20)年的休耕地进行。在多年生禾草灌丛和间生区进行了表层土壤(0 ~ 10 cm)和底土(10 ~ 20 cm)两个层位的测量。结果表明:土壤有机碳(SOC)浓度总体上高于年轻休耕地(0.29%)和耕地(0.23%);全氮浓度变化规律相同(老幼休耕地0.022%,耕地0.017%,耕地0.013%)。C:N比值(15~20)表明,休耕地(F10和F20)土壤有机质(SOC和TN)成熟程度高于耕地(CP)。土壤矿化在两种休耕地也比在田间更为重要。在氮素矿化总量上,老休耕地对矿质氮的生产具有重要作用,灌丛对矿质氮的净积累具有正向影响(p<0.05)。从灌丛区向互生区过渡,获得了相对显著的正变化(p<0.05)。草芥休耕地对土壤有机碳和全氮动态具有积极的调控作用。土壤有机碳和全氮在灌丛表层土壤中积累最多,而灌丛表层土壤中植物残体最多。旧休耕地是土壤有机碳和全氮从稳定状态恢复的最佳条件。然后,在旧休耕地后清除植被进行耕作时,土壤中有3 - 4年可供植物使用的新鲜有机质的重要输入。建议在清理种植前观察旧的休耕期。
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