Influence of Possible Natural and Artificial Collective Immunity on New COVID-19 Pandemic Waves in Ukraine and Israel

I. Nesteruk
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引用次数: 16

Abstract

Background and objectives: The percentage of vaccinated people in Ukraine and Israel extensively varies. Based on this large difference, the influence of possible collective immunity on the COVID-19 pandemic dynamics in summer 2021 was evaluated. Methods: To clarify the presence of a natural collective immunity, the visible and actual characteristics the COVID-19 epidemic in Ukraine were estimated based on the number of laboratory-confirmed cases (accumulated in May and June 2021), using a generalized SIR-model and parameter identification procedure, and considering the difference between registered and real number of cases. Results: The calculated optimal value of the visibility coefficient shows that most Ukrainians have already been infected with coronavirus, some of whom have been infected more than once. This suggests that Ukrainians have probably achieved a natural collective immunity. Despite the large percentage of fully vaccinated people in Israel (approximately 60%), the emergence of a new epidemic wave after June 15, 2021 was not prevented, and the number of deaths increased after July 5, 2021. A new wave of the pandemic in Ukraine after July 10, 2021 is characterized by a smaller daily number of new COVID-19 cases per capita and new deaths per capita, despite having a much lower number of vaccinated people than in Israel. This can be explained by a much lower level of testing (many cases in Ukraine remain undetected) and possibly by the probable natural immunity of Ukrainians. Conclusions: High levels of vaccination and natural collective immunity are unlikely to prevent new waves of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by mutated coronavirus strains.

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可能的自然和人工集体免疫对乌克兰和以色列新冠肺炎大流行浪潮的影响
背景和目的:乌克兰和以色列接种疫苗的人口百分比差别很大。基于这一巨大差异,评估了可能的集体免疫对2021年夏季COVID-19大流行动态的影响。方法:为明确自然集体免疫的存在,基于2021年5月和6月累计的实验室确诊病例数,采用广义sir模型和参数识别程序,并考虑登记病例数与实际病例数的差异,估计乌克兰COVID-19疫情的可见特征和实际特征。结果:计算得出的可见度系数最优值显示,大多数乌克兰人已经感染了冠状病毒,其中一些人感染了不止一次。这表明乌克兰人可能已经获得了一种天然的集体免疫力。尽管以色列充分接种疫苗的人口比例很高(约60%),但未能阻止2021年6月15日之后出现新的流行病浪潮,2021年7月5日之后死亡人数增加。2021年7月10日之后,乌克兰将迎来新一波大流行,其特点是人均每日新增COVID-19病例数和人均新增死亡人数较少,尽管接种疫苗的人数远低于以色列。这可以解释为检测水平低得多(乌克兰的许多病例仍未被发现),也可能是乌克兰人可能具有天然免疫力。结论:高水平的疫苗接种和自然集体免疫不太可能预防由变异冠状病毒株引起的新一波COVID-19大流行。
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