Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00022
Sihan Zhang, Zhipeng Yao, Na Zeng, Zheng Liu, Qidong Xia, Shaogang Wang
{"title":"Feasibility and Advantages of Designing Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors for Cancer Treatment","authors":"Sihan Zhang, Zhipeng Yao, Na Zeng, Zheng Liu, Qidong Xia, Shaogang Wang","doi":"10.14218/erhm.2023.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14218/erhm.2023.00022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12074,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2024.00002
Dante J. Marciani
{"title":"Vaccine Adjuvants: From Empirical to a More Rational Drug Design","authors":"Dante J. Marciani","doi":"10.14218/erhm.2024.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14218/erhm.2024.00002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12074,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-20DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00015
Kingsley R Oranuka,Calvin Chama,Ibrahim O Adogu,Chigozie G Okafor,George U Eleje,Emmanuel O Ugwu,Olumide P Adeleke,Palmer H Obakpororo,Kenneth O Nnabuchi,Abdulazeez Yusuf,Nnaemeka P Ugwu,Josephat C Akabuike,Ahizechukwu C Eke
Background and objectivesMalaria can be fatal during pregnancy, posing a serious risk to both mothers and fetuses, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Primigravidae are particularly susceptible to placental malaria in areas with high rates of transmission due to insufficient immunity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of placental malaria infection, risk factors, types of Plasmodium causing malaria during pregnancy, and its relationship with neonatal birth weight among primigravidae.MethodsThis was an analytical cross-sectional study involving 357 primigravidae who delivered at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria. Placental blocks were taken from the pericentric area of the maternal surface of the placenta, and the birth weights of the neonates were recorded. The samples were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, and histopathological analysis was performed. The primary outcome measure was to determine the relationship between placental malaria and neonatal birth weight. Demographics and outcomes were analyzed using standard statistical tests. Multivariable regression models accounting for potential confounders were created for the primary and secondary outcomes with adjusted odds ratios as the measures of effect.ResultsThe prevalence of placental malaria was 38.4%. Among the participants with positive placenta malaria parasitemia, 49.6%, 36.5%, and 13.9% had chronic, acute, and past placental malaria infections, respectively. Only Plasmodium falciparum was found in the placenta. According to the bivariate analysis, unbooked status (p = 0.001), non-use of intermittent preventive therapy for malaria (p < 0.001), and village dwelling (p = 0.020) were significantly associated with placental malaria. However, on multivariable logistic regression, only non-uptake of intermittent preventive therapy for malaria was independently associated with placental malaria (adjusted odds ratio, 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.20, 4.1, p = 0.011). There was a significant difference in the mean birth weight between those with placental malaria and those without placental malaria (2.8 ± 0.5 kg vs. 3.2 ± 0.4 kg, p = 0.001). Additionally, placental malaria was significantly associated with low birth weight among the primigravidae (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn Nigeria, there is a strong correlation between low birth weight and placental malaria in Primidravidae. Placental malaria was found to be independently correlated with non-uptake of intermittent preventive therapy for malaria.
{"title":"Placental Malaria and Its Relationship with Neonatal Birth Weight among Primigravidae: An Analytical Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Kingsley R Oranuka,Calvin Chama,Ibrahim O Adogu,Chigozie G Okafor,George U Eleje,Emmanuel O Ugwu,Olumide P Adeleke,Palmer H Obakpororo,Kenneth O Nnabuchi,Abdulazeez Yusuf,Nnaemeka P Ugwu,Josephat C Akabuike,Ahizechukwu C Eke","doi":"10.14218/erhm.2023.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14218/erhm.2023.00015","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectivesMalaria can be fatal during pregnancy, posing a serious risk to both mothers and fetuses, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Primigravidae are particularly susceptible to placental malaria in areas with high rates of transmission due to insufficient immunity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of placental malaria infection, risk factors, types of Plasmodium causing malaria during pregnancy, and its relationship with neonatal birth weight among primigravidae.MethodsThis was an analytical cross-sectional study involving 357 primigravidae who delivered at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria. Placental blocks were taken from the pericentric area of the maternal surface of the placenta, and the birth weights of the neonates were recorded. The samples were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, and histopathological analysis was performed. The primary outcome measure was to determine the relationship between placental malaria and neonatal birth weight. Demographics and outcomes were analyzed using standard statistical tests. Multivariable regression models accounting for potential confounders were created for the primary and secondary outcomes with adjusted odds ratios as the measures of effect.ResultsThe prevalence of placental malaria was 38.4%. Among the participants with positive placenta malaria parasitemia, 49.6%, 36.5%, and 13.9% had chronic, acute, and past placental malaria infections, respectively. Only Plasmodium falciparum was found in the placenta. According to the bivariate analysis, unbooked status (p = 0.001), non-use of intermittent preventive therapy for malaria (p < 0.001), and village dwelling (p = 0.020) were significantly associated with placental malaria. However, on multivariable logistic regression, only non-uptake of intermittent preventive therapy for malaria was independently associated with placental malaria (adjusted odds ratio, 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.20, 4.1, p = 0.011). There was a significant difference in the mean birth weight between those with placental malaria and those without placental malaria (2.8 ± 0.5 kg vs. 3.2 ± 0.4 kg, p = 0.001). Additionally, placental malaria was significantly associated with low birth weight among the primigravidae (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn Nigeria, there is a strong correlation between low birth weight and placental malaria in Primidravidae. Placental malaria was found to be independently correlated with non-uptake of intermittent preventive therapy for malaria.","PeriodicalId":12074,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00008
Alfredo Colombo, Vittorio Gebbia, C. Porretto
{"title":"Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer: A Review","authors":"Alfredo Colombo, Vittorio Gebbia, C. Porretto","doi":"10.14218/erhm.2023.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14218/erhm.2023.00008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12074,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140479565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2023-03-08DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00002
Kun Hu, Lanjing Zhang
Chinese government lifted its "Zero COVID-19" policy in December 2022. The estimated COVDI-19 new cases and deaths after the policy change are 167-279 million (about 12.0% to 20.1% of the Chinese population) and 0.68-2.1 million, respectively. Recent data also revealed continuous drops in fertility rate and historically lowest growth in gross domestic production in China. Thus, balancing COVID-19 control and economic recovery in China is of paramount importance yet very difficult. Supply chain disruption, essential service reduction and shortage of intensive care units have been discussed as the challenges associated with lifting "Zero COVID-19" policy. The additional challenges may include triple epidemic of COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza, mental health issues of healthcare providers, care givers and patients, impact on human mobility, lack of robust genomic and epidemiological data and long COVID-19. However, the policy-associated opportunities and other challenges are largely untouched, but warrant attention of and prompt reactions by the policy makers, healthcare providers, public health officials and other stakeholders. The associated benefits are quick reach of herd immunity, boost of economy and businesses activities and increase in social activities. At this moment, we must embrace the policy change, effectively mitigate its associated problems and timely and effectively maximize its associated benefits.
{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities Associated with Lifting the Zero COVID-19 Policy in China.","authors":"Kun Hu, Lanjing Zhang","doi":"10.14218/erhm.2023.00002","DOIUrl":"10.14218/erhm.2023.00002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chinese government lifted its \"Zero COVID-19\" policy in December 2022. The estimated COVDI-19 new cases and deaths after the policy change are 167-279 million (about 12.0% to 20.1% of the Chinese population) and 0.68-2.1 million, respectively. Recent data also revealed continuous drops in fertility rate and historically lowest growth in gross domestic production in China. Thus, balancing COVID-19 control and economic recovery in China is of paramount importance yet very difficult. Supply chain disruption, essential service reduction and shortage of intensive care units have been discussed as the challenges associated with lifting \"Zero COVID-19\" policy. The additional challenges may include triple epidemic of COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza, mental health issues of healthcare providers, care givers and patients, impact on human mobility, lack of robust genomic and epidemiological data and long COVID-19. However, the policy-associated opportunities and other challenges are largely untouched, but warrant attention of and prompt reactions by the policy makers, healthcare providers, public health officials and other stakeholders. The associated benefits are quick reach of herd immunity, boost of economy and businesses activities and increase in social activities. At this moment, we must embrace the policy change, effectively mitigate its associated problems and timely and effectively maximize its associated benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12074,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10989839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85897561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00006
A. van den Broek, L. de Vroege
{"title":"Don't Postpone! Mental Health of Healthcare Professionals Needs Attention!","authors":"A. van den Broek, L. de Vroege","doi":"10.14218/erhm.2023.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14218/erhm.2023.00006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12074,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.000ra
Editorial Office of Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine
{"title":"2023 Reviewer Acknowledgement","authors":"Editorial Office of Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine","doi":"10.14218/erhm.2023.000ra","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14218/erhm.2023.000ra","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12074,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138958385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-18DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00080
I. Maksimovich
{"title":"Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Neurodegenerative Lesions","authors":"I. Maksimovich","doi":"10.14218/erhm.2023.00080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14218/erhm.2023.00080","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12074,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139173495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2023.00054
Wenjun Qi, Dandan Shi, Ruojia Zhang, Xuehong Lin, Mengxue Lü, Yuang Zhang, Jihong Pan, Wei Chen, Luna Ge, Lin Wang
{"title":"Schisanhenol: A Potential Drug for the Treatment of Cytokine Storm","authors":"Wenjun Qi, Dandan Shi, Ruojia Zhang, Xuehong Lin, Mengxue Lü, Yuang Zhang, Jihong Pan, Wei Chen, Luna Ge, Lin Wang","doi":"10.14218/erhm.2023.00054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14218/erhm.2023.00054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12074,"journal":{"name":"Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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