Superabsorbent Polymer Sponge for Saliva Absorption Pad

Abstract

Aim: Saliva is a significant hindrance to most dental procedures (e.g., root canal treatment) as the flow of saliva increases in patients undergoing dental treatment due to anxiety. Saliva absorption pads based on superabsorbent polymers can provide a dry oral environment to ease the dental treatment procedure and reduce the swallowing reflexes common during cotton use. This study focused on developing an indigenous saliva absorption pad using biodegradable superabsorbent polymer (BSAP) sponges. Materials and Methods: BSAP sponges were synthesized using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the base matrix. Different crosslinking mechanisms were implemented to prepare BSAP sponges, such as ionic crosslinking using aluminum ammonium sulfate (AlAS) and chemical crosslinking using methylene bisacrylamide. Three different BSAP sponges (Sap-2, SAP-PAA-1, and SAP-PAA-2) were characterized for their free swell capacity and thermal degradation kinetics along with other characterization techniques to optimize the composition for saliva absorption pad. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical evaluation. Results: SAP-2, synthesized using 10 wt.% AlAS showed the highest free swell capacity in water and saline (83.21 ± 3.8 g/g and 40.7 ± 3.4 g/g, respectively). However, the moisture content of the particular BSAP sponge was higher (~13%) compared to the standard limit (ISO 17190-4:2001(E)). It was observed that as the crosslinking density increases free swell capacity increases to a threshold point and decreases thereafter. As reported earlier, percentage swelling was controlled by multiple factors including crosslinking that opposes swelling and polymer/water interaction and Donnan pressure that promotes swelling. Conclusion: BSAP sponge based on crosslinked CMC matrix is highly advantageous in developing saliva absorption pad. Hydrophobic surface modification is recommended to reduce the moisture content to improve the storage stability of BSAP sponges.