Ethical Base of Artificial Reproductive Medicine

S. Yamano
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Abstract

Principles of the modern bioethics and the ethical status of the fetus are interpreted in this article. The modern bioethics is based on the three basic ethical principles reported in Belmont report. The principles consist of respect for persons, beneficence and justice. Respect for persons was considered to be the most important principle and have the priority among the principles. However some ethicist dissent from the priority of respect for persons. When we face a case in which the principles conflict each other, the top priority needs to be granted to one of the principles. How we select one of the principles for the top priority remains an unsolved issue. Considering the ethical status of the fetus, the most important thing is when the embryo or fetus becomes a person. Roman Catholic declared in 1974 that the embryo just after fertilization is considered as a person. However many bio-ethicists believe that only an autonomous person who is an individual capable of deliberation about personal goals, and of acting under the direction of such deliberation has the right of living. This opinion permits us not only to abort fetus artificially but also to kill infants. In the latter half of the article personal opinion on the ethical status of the fetus is explained.
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人工生殖医学的伦理基础
本文阐述了现代生命伦理学的基本原则和胎儿的伦理地位。现代生命伦理学是以贝尔蒙特报告中提出的三个基本伦理原则为基础的。这些原则包括尊重人、仁慈和正义。尊重人被认为是最重要的原则,在各项原则中具有优先地位。然而,一些伦理学家不同意尊重人的优先权。当我们面对原则相互冲突的情况时,需要给予其中一项原则最高优先权。我们如何选择最优先的原则之一仍然是一个未解决的问题。考虑到胎儿的伦理地位,最重要的是胚胎或胎儿何时成为人。罗马天主教在1974年宣布,受精后的胚胎被认为是一个人。然而,许多生物伦理学家认为,只有一个自主的人,即一个能够考虑个人目标并在这种考虑的指导下行动的个体,才有生存的权利。这种观点不仅允许我们人工打掉胎儿,而且允许我们杀死婴儿。文章的后半部分阐述了个人对胎儿伦理地位的看法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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