Abstract: Implantation requires a receptive endometrium, a functionally normal embryo and communication between the developing embryo and maternal tissues (cross-talk). Two-step embryo transfer (two-step ET) and stimulation of endometrium embryo transfer (SEET) are procedures for ET based on concept of embryonic modulation of endometrial receptivity. In two-step ET, a cleaved embryo is transferred on day 2, and a blastocyst is transferred on day 5. The pregnancy and implantation rates with two-step ET were found to be higher than those with cleaved ET and double blastocyst transfer. We speculated that the cleaved embryos transferred on day 2 modulate endometrial receptivity and improve the implantation rate for blastocysts transferred on day 5. In SEET, embryo culture supernatant (ECS) is injected into the uterine cavity prior to blastocyst transfer to stimulate the endometrium and provide an optimum environment for implantation of forthcoming blastocysts. The pregnancy and implantation rates with SEET were found to be higher than those with blastocyst transfer. Higher implantation and pregnancy rates with SEET could be explained by embryonic factors produced in the culture medium that modulate endometrial receptivity. Lysophosphatidic acid was detected in ECS. Two-step ET and SEET are effective options for ET based on the concept of crosstalk between embryos and maternal tissues.
着床需要一个可接受的子宫内膜、一个功能正常的胚胎以及发育中的胚胎与母体组织之间的通信(串扰)。两步胚胎移植(Two-step embryo transfer，简称Two-step ET)和子宫内膜刺激胚胎移植(stimulation of endometrium embryo transfer，简称SEET)是基于胚胎调节子宫内膜容受性概念的胚胎移植程序。在两步体外受精中，在第2天移植一个卵裂胚胎，在第5天移植一个囊胚。两步体外受精的受孕率和着床率高于劈裂体外受精和双囊胚移植。我们推测第2天移植的卵裂胚胎调节子宫内膜容受性，提高第5天移植囊胚的着床率。在SEET中，胚胎培养上清(ECS)在囊胚移植前注入子宫腔，以刺激子宫内膜，为即将到来的囊胚着床提供最佳环境。SEET的妊娠和着床率高于囊胚移植。SEET患者较高的着床率和妊娠率可以解释为培养基中产生的调节子宫内膜容受性的胚胎因子。ECS检测溶血磷脂酸。基于胚胎与母体组织间串扰的概念，两步体外受精和单步体外受精是体外受精的有效选择。
{"title":"Embryonic Modulation of Endometrial Receptivity","authors":"Sakae Goto","doi":"10.1274/jmor.35.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.35.53","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Implantation requires a receptive endometrium, a functionally normal embryo and communication between the developing embryo and maternal tissues (cross-talk). Two-step embryo transfer (two-step ET) and stimulation of endometrium embryo transfer (SEET) are procedures for ET based on concept of embryonic modulation of endometrial receptivity. In two-step ET, a cleaved embryo is transferred on day 2, and a blastocyst is transferred on day 5. The pregnancy and implantation rates with two-step ET were found to be higher than those with cleaved ET and double blastocyst transfer. We speculated that the cleaved embryos transferred on day 2 modulate endometrial receptivity and improve the implantation rate for blastocysts transferred on day 5. In SEET, embryo culture supernatant (ECS) is injected into the uterine cavity prior to blastocyst transfer to stimulate the endometrium and provide an optimum environment for implantation of forthcoming blastocysts. The pregnancy and implantation rates with SEET were found to be higher than those with blastocyst transfer. Higher implantation and pregnancy rates with SEET could be explained by embryonic factors produced in the culture medium that modulate endometrial receptivity. Lysophosphatidic acid was detected in ECS. Two-step ET and SEET are effective options for ET based on the concept of crosstalk between embryos and maternal tissues.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"55 1","pages":"53 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84594441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mizuki Ueno, Haruka Ito, Takuya Kanke, Yuta Matsuno, W. Fujii, K. Naito, K. Sugiura
Abstract: The regulatory roles of the non-neuronal cholinergic system, such as its growth promoting effects on mural granulosa cells during ovarian folliculogenesis, have been reported for several mammalian species; however, its roles in the early stages of follicles are not well-understood. This study was conducted to examine the expression of transcripts involved in the non-neuronal cholinergic system, and the effects of activating acetylcholine (ACh) signaling in mouse ovaries. The transcripts encoding proteins required in processes critical for ACh metabolism and a nicotinic cholinergic receptor, CHRNA7, were detected in ovaries and isolated mural granulosa cells. Stimulation with carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, promoted proliferation of mural granulosa cells in vitro. Moreover, carbachol treatment of neonatal ovaries significantly increased the numbers of primordial follicles compared with control untreated ovaries in organ cultures. These results suggest that a functional non-neuronal cholinergic system exists in mouse ovaries, and that it promotes the proliferation of mural granulosa cells and the formation/survival of primordial follicles.
{"title":"Expression of Genes Involved in the Non-Neuronal Cholinergic System and Their Possible Functions during Ovarian Follicular Development in Mice","authors":"Mizuki Ueno, Haruka Ito, Takuya Kanke, Yuta Matsuno, W. Fujii, K. Naito, K. Sugiura","doi":"10.1274/jmor.35.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.35.61","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The regulatory roles of the non-neuronal cholinergic system, such as its growth promoting effects on mural granulosa cells during ovarian folliculogenesis, have been reported for several mammalian species; however, its roles in the early stages of follicles are not well-understood. This study was conducted to examine the expression of transcripts involved in the non-neuronal cholinergic system, and the effects of activating acetylcholine (ACh) signaling in mouse ovaries. The transcripts encoding proteins required in processes critical for ACh metabolism and a nicotinic cholinergic receptor, CHRNA7, were detected in ovaries and isolated mural granulosa cells. Stimulation with carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, promoted proliferation of mural granulosa cells in vitro. Moreover, carbachol treatment of neonatal ovaries significantly increased the numbers of primordial follicles compared with control untreated ovaries in organ cultures. These results suggest that a functional non-neuronal cholinergic system exists in mouse ovaries, and that it promotes the proliferation of mural granulosa cells and the formation/survival of primordial follicles.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"35 1","pages":"61 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82022347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Kimura, K. Kishida, Chisako Horikawa, M. Izuno, Akiko Nakamura, Jun Kitazawa, Aina Morimune, Shoko Tsuji, A. Takebayashi, A. Takashima, S. Kaku, T. Murakami
Abstract: In mammals, the role of sperm in the process of fertilization is complex, and several well-defined steps must occur for the sperm to fertilize with the oocyte. Phospholipases (PLs), which regulate the lipid composition of the sperm by hydrolyzation of the phospholipids, are involved in the regulation of the flagellar beat, capacitation, and the acrosomal reaction, as well as in the triggering of the calcium oscillations in the oocyte that lead to oocyte activation. The emerging important role of phospholipases is also revealed by the fact that alterations of sperm lipids can lead to infertility. Phospholipases, especially PLCζ, could represent therapeutic targets to overcome male infertility.
{"title":"The Role of Phospholipase in Sperm Physiology and its Therapeutic Potential in Male Infertility","authors":"F. Kimura, K. Kishida, Chisako Horikawa, M. Izuno, Akiko Nakamura, Jun Kitazawa, Aina Morimune, Shoko Tsuji, A. Takebayashi, A. Takashima, S. Kaku, T. Murakami","doi":"10.1274/jmor.35.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.35.43","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In mammals, the role of sperm in the process of fertilization is complex, and several well-defined steps must occur for the sperm to fertilize with the oocyte. Phospholipases (PLs), which regulate the lipid composition of the sperm by hydrolyzation of the phospholipids, are involved in the regulation of the flagellar beat, capacitation, and the acrosomal reaction, as well as in the triggering of the calcium oscillations in the oocyte that lead to oocyte activation. The emerging important role of phospholipases is also revealed by the fact that alterations of sperm lipids can lead to infertility. Phospholipases, especially PLCζ, could represent therapeutic targets to overcome male infertility.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"170 1","pages":"43 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72934934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: In assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments, the ovarian stimulation method is important for obtaining many good quality oocytes. The first ovarian stimulation treatments used high stimulation in long and short protocols with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. It was formulated to suppress the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge while the follicles are developing. Subsequently, a moderate stimulation with an antagonist was introduced following the development of GnRH antagonists, and low stimulation that inhibits the LH surge with continuous administration of clomiphene citrate. However, cases have been reported occurred in which estrogen replacement therapy was selected to facilitate follicular development by supplementing estrogen in ovarian insufficiency. Otherwise ART cryopreservation technology has also developed. These practices are referred to as oncofertility, and have given rise to new ovarian stimulation methods in infertility treatment. Ovarian stimulation with the random start or double stimulation methods, which are not readily affected by the menstrual cycle, and progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) that inhibits the LH surge with a progestogen have come to be performed and are showing good outcomes. As the social and medical backgrounds change, the methods of ovarian stimulation may futher improve in the future.
{"title":"Ovarian Stimulation in in vitro Fertilization","authors":"Y. Fukuda, Y. Katagiri, M. Morita","doi":"10.1274/jmor.35.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.35.35","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments, the ovarian stimulation method is important for obtaining many good quality oocytes. The first ovarian stimulation treatments used high stimulation in long and short protocols with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. It was formulated to suppress the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge while the follicles are developing. Subsequently, a moderate stimulation with an antagonist was introduced following the development of GnRH antagonists, and low stimulation that inhibits the LH surge with continuous administration of clomiphene citrate. However, cases have been reported occurred in which estrogen replacement therapy was selected to facilitate follicular development by supplementing estrogen in ovarian insufficiency. Otherwise ART cryopreservation technology has also developed. These practices are referred to as oncofertility, and have given rise to new ovarian stimulation methods in infertility treatment. Ovarian stimulation with the random start or double stimulation methods, which are not readily affected by the menstrual cycle, and progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) that inhibits the LH surge with a progestogen have come to be performed and are showing good outcomes. As the social and medical backgrounds change, the methods of ovarian stimulation may futher improve in the future.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"43 1","pages":"35 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73375526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Kimura, Luyi Zheng, Chisako Horikawa, Yuji Tanaka, Aina Morimune, T. Murakami
Abstract: Primordial follicles maintain dormancy in the ovary and only a small number of them are activated towards ovulation every day. Several signaling pathways in oocytes and the surrounding flattened pre-granulosa cells have been shown to play crucial roles in primordial follicle activations and sex steroid hormones are also known to affect it. Intrinsic estrogen, estradiol, has been reported to suppress primordial follicle formation and the later primordial follicle activation in rodent neonatal ovaries. Conversely, some phytoestrogens and endocrine disruptors which possess intrinsic estrogen-like biological activity with different binding affinities to estrogen receptors, can activate primordial follicles. Testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone have been used in fertility treatments in the expectation that they would activate primordial follicle, although evidence of their efficacy is inconclusive. Progesterone suppresses primordial follicle formation and the later primordial follicle activation in rodent neonatal ovaries. Synthetic progestins possess the ability to bind to steroid hormone receptors other than the progesterone receptor. Thus, progestins may regulate primordial follicle activation through other sex hormone receptors. It may be possible to regulate primordial follicle activation by sex steroid hormones in the future. However, it is not yet clear which pathway mediates the effect of these hormones on primordial follicle activation, and this will need to be studied in the future.
{"title":"Sex Steroid Hormones and Related Substances Involved in Primordial Follicle Activation","authors":"F. Kimura, Luyi Zheng, Chisako Horikawa, Yuji Tanaka, Aina Morimune, T. Murakami","doi":"10.1274/jmor.35.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.35.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Primordial follicles maintain dormancy in the ovary and only a small number of them are activated towards ovulation every day. Several signaling pathways in oocytes and the surrounding flattened pre-granulosa cells have been shown to play crucial roles in primordial follicle activations and sex steroid hormones are also known to affect it. Intrinsic estrogen, estradiol, has been reported to suppress primordial follicle formation and the later primordial follicle activation in rodent neonatal ovaries. Conversely, some phytoestrogens and endocrine disruptors which possess intrinsic estrogen-like biological activity with different binding affinities to estrogen receptors, can activate primordial follicles. Testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone have been used in fertility treatments in the expectation that they would activate primordial follicle, although evidence of their efficacy is inconclusive. Progesterone suppresses primordial follicle formation and the later primordial follicle activation in rodent neonatal ovaries. Synthetic progestins possess the ability to bind to steroid hormone receptors other than the progesterone receptor. Thus, progestins may regulate primordial follicle activation through other sex hormone receptors. It may be possible to regulate primordial follicle activation by sex steroid hormones in the future. However, it is not yet clear which pathway mediates the effect of these hormones on primordial follicle activation, and this will need to be studied in the future.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"36 1","pages":"12 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90510064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomoko Nakamura, Tomohiko Murase, S. Osuka, Maki Goto, A. Iwase
Abstract: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) was originally discovered as the factor responsible for the regression of the Müllerian duct during male sexual differentiation. Through studies of AMH knockout mice, AMH has also been found to regulate primordial follicle recruitment and FSH-dependent cyclic recruitment. However, the details of how AMH influences follicular growth have not been elucidated. Since the early 2000s, when serum AMH concentration was found to be a reliable biochemical marker of ovarian reserve, AMH has been in the spotlight in reproductive medicine. Several studies of AMH have led to new insights on the mechanism of AMH-regulated follicular growth. Here, we review from the earliest studies to the latest findings, AMH regulation of follicle growth with reference to the potential clinical uses of AMH and AMH inhibitors.
{"title":"The Regulation of Ovarian Follicular Growth by Anti-Müllerian Hormone","authors":"Tomoko Nakamura, Tomohiko Murase, S. Osuka, Maki Goto, A. Iwase","doi":"10.1274/jmor.35.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.35.13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) was originally discovered as the factor responsible for the regression of the Müllerian duct during male sexual differentiation. Through studies of AMH knockout mice, AMH has also been found to regulate primordial follicle recruitment and FSH-dependent cyclic recruitment. However, the details of how AMH influences follicular growth have not been elucidated. Since the early 2000s, when serum AMH concentration was found to be a reliable biochemical marker of ovarian reserve, AMH has been in the spotlight in reproductive medicine. Several studies of AMH have led to new insights on the mechanism of AMH-regulated follicular growth. Here, we review from the earliest studies to the latest findings, AMH regulation of follicle growth with reference to the potential clinical uses of AMH and AMH inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"3 1","pages":"13 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84259985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: Aggressive chemotherapy and radiotherapy can cure cancer in young female patients, but they can also result in the loss of ovarian function. For these young survivors, both recovery of ovarian function and reproductive potential after treatment have become important quality of life issues. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC), followed by transplantation after cancer remission is the most commonly applied fertility restoration approach in prepubertal females and women who require immediate cancer therapy. A major concern of frozen-thawed ovarian tissues (FTOT) autotransplantation in cancer survivors is the reintroduction of malignant cells that may have metastasized to the graft. There are several detection methods for minimal residual diseases (MRD) in ovarian cortex tissues. The aim of this paper is to review the available data describing the safety of transplantation of FTOT from cancer patients, focusing on the methods used to detect tumor cells in ovarian tissues and future perspectives in this field.
{"title":"The Safety of Autotransplantation of Cryopreserved Ovarian Tissue in Cancer Patients","authors":"Y. Iwahara","doi":"10.1274/jmor.35.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.35.27","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Aggressive chemotherapy and radiotherapy can cure cancer in young female patients, but they can also result in the loss of ovarian function. For these young survivors, both recovery of ovarian function and reproductive potential after treatment have become important quality of life issues. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC), followed by transplantation after cancer remission is the most commonly applied fertility restoration approach in prepubertal females and women who require immediate cancer therapy. A major concern of frozen-thawed ovarian tissues (FTOT) autotransplantation in cancer survivors is the reintroduction of malignant cells that may have metastasized to the graft. There are several detection methods for minimal residual diseases (MRD) in ovarian cortex tissues. The aim of this paper is to review the available data describing the safety of transplantation of FTOT from cancer patients, focusing on the methods used to detect tumor cells in ovarian tissues and future perspectives in this field.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"81 1","pages":"27 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72987985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michio Kitajima, Naoko Murakami, K. Taniguchi, Yuriko Kitajima, Ozora Tsukamoto, K. Miura, H. Masuzaki
Abstract: The ovaries of women of reproductive age may show specific histological structures that may relate to the maintenance of primordial follicles and the regulation of early follicular development, which are keys to understanding the dynamics of ovarian reserve. The pelvic environment of women is frequently exposed to physiological or pathological inflammatory stimuli. Endometriosis is a disorder that should be viewed as a chronic inflammatory disease manifested by pelvic pain and infertility. Inflammation surrounding the normal ovarian cortex may alter the histological structure which possesses primordial and early growing follicles. Fibrotic changes in histological niches in the nest of primordial follicles may provoke activation of dormant follicles and concomitant atresia. Along with decline in AMH, which is produced by early growing follicles, fibrotic changes may accelerate the demise of primordial follicles which has been described as “burn-out by inflammation”. As a result, women with endometriosis may suffer from diminished ovarian reserve, a possible cause of endometriosis-related infertility.
{"title":"Histomorphological Aspects of the Ovarian Cortex Regarding Ovarian Reserve and Local Pelvic Inflammation","authors":"Michio Kitajima, Naoko Murakami, K. Taniguchi, Yuriko Kitajima, Ozora Tsukamoto, K. Miura, H. Masuzaki","doi":"10.1274/jmor.35.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.35.21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The ovaries of women of reproductive age may show specific histological structures that may relate to the maintenance of primordial follicles and the regulation of early follicular development, which are keys to understanding the dynamics of ovarian reserve. The pelvic environment of women is frequently exposed to physiological or pathological inflammatory stimuli. Endometriosis is a disorder that should be viewed as a chronic inflammatory disease manifested by pelvic pain and infertility. Inflammation surrounding the normal ovarian cortex may alter the histological structure which possesses primordial and early growing follicles. Fibrotic changes in histological niches in the nest of primordial follicles may provoke activation of dormant follicles and concomitant atresia. Along with decline in AMH, which is produced by early growing follicles, fibrotic changes may accelerate the demise of primordial follicles which has been described as “burn-out by inflammation”. As a result, women with endometriosis may suffer from diminished ovarian reserve, a possible cause of endometriosis-related infertility.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"42 1","pages":"21 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86574392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seiji Watanabe, A. Fukui, Rika Nakamura, R. Fukuhara, Ayano Funamizu
Abstract: The combination of ICSI and a sperm chromosome assay provides a useful opportunity to directly investigate relationships between chromosomal aberrations and head morphology, motility or in vitro aging. An increase of aneuploidy was identified in sperm with large heads. Structural chromosome aberrations were frequently found in elongated heads. These types of sperm should therefore be avoided for ICSI and can easily be identified under a microscope. In sperm with normal heads, the chromosomal aberration rate was initially low but increased gradually after removal of the seminal plasma (3.3% to 15.9%); in immotile sperm, the increase of DNA damage was more pronounced (4.5% to 48.1%). Therefore, there are motile and immotile sperm populations in human ejaculates that are potentially vulnerable to in vitro culture conditions. Since these sperm can maintain DNA integrity in the seminal plasma for at least 3 h, and even after cryopreservation, the seminal plasma appears to be an efficient suppressor of DNA damage. We report here our attempts at using ICSI using sperm stored in the seminal plasma (SP-ICSI) to treat infertile patients with normozoospermia and provide data to confirm the safety of this technique. For poor quality semen, SP-ICSI may be more effective in achieving a successful outcome.
{"title":"The Inability of Human Sperm with Chromosomal Abnormalities to Penetrate the Oocyte in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART): Risk Factors and the Role of Seminal Plasma","authors":"Seiji Watanabe, A. Fukui, Rika Nakamura, R. Fukuhara, Ayano Funamizu","doi":"10.1274/jmor.34.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.34.65","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The combination of ICSI and a sperm chromosome assay provides a useful opportunity to directly investigate relationships between chromosomal aberrations and head morphology, motility or in vitro aging. An increase of aneuploidy was identified in sperm with large heads. Structural chromosome aberrations were frequently found in elongated heads. These types of sperm should therefore be avoided for ICSI and can easily be identified under a microscope. In sperm with normal heads, the chromosomal aberration rate was initially low but increased gradually after removal of the seminal plasma (3.3% to 15.9%); in immotile sperm, the increase of DNA damage was more pronounced (4.5% to 48.1%). Therefore, there are motile and immotile sperm populations in human ejaculates that are potentially vulnerable to in vitro culture conditions. Since these sperm can maintain DNA integrity in the seminal plasma for at least 3 h, and even after cryopreservation, the seminal plasma appears to be an efficient suppressor of DNA damage. We report here our attempts at using ICSI using sperm stored in the seminal plasma (SP-ICSI) to treat infertile patients with normozoospermia and provide data to confirm the safety of this technique. For poor quality semen, SP-ICSI may be more effective in achieving a successful outcome.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"11 1","pages":"65 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88671849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Chishima, T. Nakajima, Takehiro Nakao, Chuyu Hayashi, G. Ichikawa, Atsushi Komatsu, K. Kawana
Abstract: Implantation is essential for successful reproduction. In humans, uterine receptivity is restricted to the mid-secretory phase, days 19 to 24 of the menstrual cycle; and this period is called the window of implantation (WOI). Large populations of decidual leukocytes infiltrate the implantation site, and the levels of cytokines, prostaglandins (PGs), and leukocytes are up-regulated in the endometrium during implantation. Implantation is like a local wound healing process which is characterized by a strong Th1, pro-inflammatory response in which high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, LIF, IL-8, and TNFα are involved. In addition, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression increases between days 2 to 5, suggesting that PGs are necessary for the process of stromal cell decidualization in early pregnancy. Recently, it was reported that endometrial biopsies taken during spontaneous cycles that preceding IVF treatment improved the rate of implantation, clinical pregnancies, and live births in patients with recurrent implantation failure. These results suggest an ininflammatory environment is not adequately induced in some IVF patients with recurrent implantation failure in the absence of local injury provoked by biopsy treatment, further suggesting that uterine receptivity is mediated by the expression of molecules associated with a pro-inflammatory process.
摘要:着床是成功生殖的必要条件。在人类中，子宫接受性仅限于分泌中期，即月经周期的第19天至第24天;这一时期称为植入窗口(window of implantation, WOI)。大量的蜕膜白细胞浸润着床部位，细胞因子、前列腺素(pg)和白细胞水平在着床期间在子宫内膜上调。植入术类似于局部伤口愈合过程，其特征是强烈的Th1、促炎反应，其中高水平的促炎细胞因子如IL-6、LIF、IL-8和TNFα参与其中。此外，环氧化酶(COX)-2的表达在第2天至第5天增加，表明PGs在妊娠早期间质细胞脱胞过程中是必需的。最近有报道称，在IVF治疗前的自然周期内进行子宫内膜活检可提高复发性植入失败患者的着床率、临床妊娠率和活产率。这些结果表明，在没有活检治疗引起的局部损伤的情况下，一些复发性着床失败的IVF患者没有充分诱导炎症环境，进一步表明子宫接受性是由与促炎过程相关的分子表达介导的。
{"title":"The Inflammatory Process and Successful Implantation","authors":"F. Chishima, T. Nakajima, Takehiro Nakao, Chuyu Hayashi, G. Ichikawa, Atsushi Komatsu, K. Kawana","doi":"10.1274/jmor.34.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1274/jmor.34.75","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000 Implantation is essential for successful reproduction. In humans, uterine receptivity is restricted to the mid-secretory phase, days 19 to 24 of the menstrual cycle; and this period is called the window of implantation (WOI). Large populations of decidual leukocytes infiltrate the implantation site, and the levels of cytokines, prostaglandins (PGs), and leukocytes are up-regulated in the endometrium during implantation. Implantation is like a local wound healing process which is characterized by a strong Th1, pro-inflammatory response in which high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, LIF, IL-8, and TNFα are involved. In addition, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression increases between days 2 to 5, suggesting that PGs are necessary for the process of stromal cell decidualization in early pregnancy. Recently, it was reported that endometrial biopsies taken during spontaneous cycles that preceding IVF treatment improved the rate of implantation, clinical pregnancies, and live births in patients with recurrent implantation failure. These results suggest an ininflammatory environment is not adequately induced in some IVF patients with recurrent implantation failure in the absence of local injury provoked by biopsy treatment, further suggesting that uterine receptivity is mediated by the expression of molecules associated with a pro-inflammatory process.","PeriodicalId":90599,"journal":{"name":"Journal of mammalian ova research","volume":"99 1","pages":"75 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78347993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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