Isolation and Identification of Cellulase- Producing Encophytic Bacteria From Yellow Root Plants (Arvangelisia flava (L.) Merr) From Enggano Island

Abstract

Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that live in plant tissue without causing disease in their host. In general, endophytic bacteria enter through stomata or wounds in plants by producing cellulase enzymes to degrade cellulose in plant cell walls that contain cellulose, one of which is yellow root (Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr). The purpose of this study was to isolate endophytic bacteria from yellow roots from Enggano Island, Bengkulu Province, and to identify morphologically, Gram staining and biochemical tests as well as testing the potential of endophytic bacteria in producing cellulase enzymes. Isolation was carried out by the patch method with surface sterilization, using 70% alcohol and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and then put on NA media that had been treated with Nystatin. The isolates obtained were then tested for their ability to produce cellulase enzymes by scratching them onto CMC media, then measuring the forming of clear zone. The results showed that from 29 isolates, 26 of them were able to degrade cellulose. AKEBG26 and AKEBG25 isolates had a higher ability to hydrolyze cellulose with cellolulitic potential index (IP) were about ±2.90 and ±1.51. Identification based on gram staining and biochemical tests of 8 endophytic bacterial isolates that had the potential to produce cellulase were closely related to 3 genera, namely Bacillus, Amphibacillus, and Micrococcus.