Nervous system and kidneys. Cross-mechanisms of interaction in normal and pathological conditions

Abstract

In physiological states, the nervous system and kidneys interact with each other to maintain normal homeostasis in the body. However, pathological conditions such as hypertension, pathology of the kidney itself, both acute and chronic, disrupt this interaction. In acute kidney injury (AKI of various etiologies) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), damaged kidneys can have a significant impact on the function of the central nervous system. CKD is an independent risk factor for the development of cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment due to many factors, including the retention of uremic toxins and phosphates, have been proposed as CKD-specific factors responsible for structural and functional cerebral changes in patients with CKD, however, additional studies are needed to determine the exact pathogenesis. Our review is devoted to the interaction of the kidney and the nervous system in physiological conditions and pathophysiological conditions, we are trying to reveal in detail the mechanisms of dysfunction of the nervous system in kidney pathologies.