Development of textile printing ink using expanded polystyrene waste as a binder

Abstract

This research produced textile pigment printing paste using expanded polystyrene (EPS) as a binder, sodium alginate as a thickener, and ultramarine pigment. The printing paste production was optimized through response surface methodology, using central composite design (CCD). The dynamic viscosity of the produced printing paste samples ranges from 5200 to 5550.50 cP (Centi Poise). The Fourier infrared transform (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the functional groups present in the printing paste. The result of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) conducted shows a first step decomposition of 94.14% that occurred at the range of 30.96°C–127.75°C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed an endothermic transition at 119.44°C due to the absorption of energy during the breaking of printing paste bonds. Textile characterization such as wash fastness, croak fastness, and light fastness was carried out to determine the suitability of the print paste on cotton and polyester fabrics. The results of the fastness tests range from 4 to 5 for wash fastness, 3 to 4/5 for croak fastness, and 4 to 6 for light fastness. The optimum values of the model variables are thickener (50%), binder (40%), and pigment (5%). The performance of the printing paste as revealed from the results is moderate and comparable with textile printing paste suitable for commercial application.