The role of Clostridium perfringens in neonatal diarrhoea and the importance of effective control

Abstract

Neonatal diarrhoea is a large economic and animal health problem on pig farms worldwide. There are numerous factors involved in the disease, one of which being the pathogen Clostridum perfringens. Various types of Clostridium perfringens exist, including Type A (CpA), which produces toxins that have pathogenic effects on the pig. The alpha (CPA) and beta2 toxins (CPB2) are suggested as contributors to the virulence of the pathogen as they result in damage and changes to the gastrointestinal tract of the pig. Therefore, performance losses can be observed as well as the clinical diarrhoea seen on farm. It is important that this pathogen is controlled, which can be achieved via implementation of good hygiene and management practices, including a vaccination protocol for breeding stock. Correct diagnosis of the pathogen, types and toxins will ensure that the correct vaccine is put onto the farm, therefore providing the best protection. Vaccination has been shown to be effective in reducing the impact of Clostridium perfringens on farm.