{"title":"KONSENTRASI LOGAM Pb DAN Cd DALAM BUAH JERUK SERTA BIOAVAILABILITASNYA DALAM TANAH PERKEBUNAN JERUK DI DAERAH KINTAMANI","authors":"I. M. Siaka, N. Ermin, M. Manurung","doi":"10.24843/jchem.2023.v17.i01.p02","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Kintamani dikenal sebagai pusat penghasil buah jeruk siam di Bali. Berbagai usaha dilakukan oleh para petani untuk meningkatkan produksi buah jeruk siam tersebut, salah satunya adalah dengan mengaplikasikan agrokimia. Akan tetapi, penggunaan agrokimia secara intensif tanpa kontrol yang memadai, dapat meningkatkan kandungan logam-logam berat dalam tanah pertanian, seperti yang telah dilaporkan oleh beberapa peneliti. Keadaan ini tentu dapat juga terjadi pada tanah perkebunan jeruk di Daerah Kintamani-Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi logam Pb dan Cd total dalam tanah dan buah jeruk siam serta tingkat bioavailabilitas logam berat tersebut dalam tanah perkebunan jeruk di Daerah Kintamani. Metode ekstraksi bertahap digunakan untuk penentuan konsentrasi logam total Pb dan Cd serta bioavailabilitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi Pb dan Cd total dalam tanah sebelum tanaman jeruk berbunga berturut-turut pada kisaran 344,0007-381,4229 mg/kg dan 3,6400-5,3236 mg/kg. Akan tetapi, konsentrasi logam Pb dalam tanah saat panen jeruk mengalami kenaikan menjadi 498,8548-514,3733 mg/kg, sedangkan logam Cd mengalami penurunan menjadi 2,7658-3,4094 mg/kg. Dalam buah jeruk ditemukan bahwa konsentrasi logam Pb dan Cd berturut-turut: 18,3048-24,2205 mg/kg dan 12,3983-15,9922 mg/kg. Konsentrasi ini melebihi ambang batas menurut Peraturan BPOM No. 5 Tahun 2018. Bioavailabilitas logam Pb pada tanah sebelum tanaman jeruk berbunga di setiap lahan sebagian besar berpotensi bioavailable dengan persentase rata-rata sebesar 49,35%. Berbeda dengan Pb, bioavailabilitas logam Cd yang ditemukan dalam tanah di lahan 1 dan 3 adalah Cd yang bioavailable yaitu sebesar 43,57% dan 39,09%, sedangkan di lahan 2 adalah non bioavailable dengan persentase sebesar 41,33%. \nKata Kunci: bioavailabilitas, jeruk siam, logam berat. \nABSTRACT \nKintamani is known as the center of Siamese citrus production in Bali. Various efforts have been made by farmers to increase the production of Siamese citrus fruits, one of which is by applying agrochemicals. However, intensive use of agrochemicals without adequate control can increase the content of heavy metals in agricultural soils, as has been reported by several researchers. This situation can certainly also occur in the soil of citrus plantations in the area of Kintamani-Bali. This study aimed to determine the concentration of total Pb and Cd metals in the soil and citrus fruits as well as the level of bioavailability of these heavy metals in the soil. The sequential extraction method was used to determine the total metal concentrations of Pb and Cd and their bioavailability. The results showed that the total Pb and Cd concentrations in the soil before flowering citrus plants were in the range of 344,0007-381,4229 mg/kg and 3,6400-5,3236 mg/kg, respectively. However, the concentration of Pb in the soil during citrus harvest increased to 498,8548-514,3733 mg/kg, while Cd decreased to 2,7658-3,4094 mg/kg. In citrus fruits, it was found that the concentrations of Pb and Cd were 18,3048-24,2205 mg/kg and 12,3983-15,9922 mg/kg, respectively. This concentration exceeds the maximum allowed according to BPOM Regulation No. 5 of 2018. The bioavailability of Pb in the soil before the citrus plants flowered in each field was potentially bioavailable with an average percentage of 49,35%. In contrast to Pb, the bioavailability of Cd found in the soil of fields 1 and 3 was Cd which was bioavailable, with an average of 43,57% and 39,09%, while in field 2 it was non-bioavailable with a percentage of 41,33%. \nKeywords: bioavailability, heavy metals, siamese citrus.","PeriodicalId":17780,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Jurnal Kimia","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jchem.2023.v17.i01.p02","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Kintamani dikenal sebagai pusat penghasil buah jeruk siam di Bali. Berbagai usaha dilakukan oleh para petani untuk meningkatkan produksi buah jeruk siam tersebut, salah satunya adalah dengan mengaplikasikan agrokimia. Akan tetapi, penggunaan agrokimia secara intensif tanpa kontrol yang memadai, dapat meningkatkan kandungan logam-logam berat dalam tanah pertanian, seperti yang telah dilaporkan oleh beberapa peneliti. Keadaan ini tentu dapat juga terjadi pada tanah perkebunan jeruk di Daerah Kintamani-Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi logam Pb dan Cd total dalam tanah dan buah jeruk siam serta tingkat bioavailabilitas logam berat tersebut dalam tanah perkebunan jeruk di Daerah Kintamani. Metode ekstraksi bertahap digunakan untuk penentuan konsentrasi logam total Pb dan Cd serta bioavailabilitasnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi Pb dan Cd total dalam tanah sebelum tanaman jeruk berbunga berturut-turut pada kisaran 344,0007-381,4229 mg/kg dan 3,6400-5,3236 mg/kg. Akan tetapi, konsentrasi logam Pb dalam tanah saat panen jeruk mengalami kenaikan menjadi 498,8548-514,3733 mg/kg, sedangkan logam Cd mengalami penurunan menjadi 2,7658-3,4094 mg/kg. Dalam buah jeruk ditemukan bahwa konsentrasi logam Pb dan Cd berturut-turut: 18,3048-24,2205 mg/kg dan 12,3983-15,9922 mg/kg. Konsentrasi ini melebihi ambang batas menurut Peraturan BPOM No. 5 Tahun 2018. Bioavailabilitas logam Pb pada tanah sebelum tanaman jeruk berbunga di setiap lahan sebagian besar berpotensi bioavailable dengan persentase rata-rata sebesar 49,35%. Berbeda dengan Pb, bioavailabilitas logam Cd yang ditemukan dalam tanah di lahan 1 dan 3 adalah Cd yang bioavailable yaitu sebesar 43,57% dan 39,09%, sedangkan di lahan 2 adalah non bioavailable dengan persentase sebesar 41,33%.
Kata Kunci: bioavailabilitas, jeruk siam, logam berat.
ABSTRACT
Kintamani is known as the center of Siamese citrus production in Bali. Various efforts have been made by farmers to increase the production of Siamese citrus fruits, one of which is by applying agrochemicals. However, intensive use of agrochemicals without adequate control can increase the content of heavy metals in agricultural soils, as has been reported by several researchers. This situation can certainly also occur in the soil of citrus plantations in the area of Kintamani-Bali. This study aimed to determine the concentration of total Pb and Cd metals in the soil and citrus fruits as well as the level of bioavailability of these heavy metals in the soil. The sequential extraction method was used to determine the total metal concentrations of Pb and Cd and their bioavailability. The results showed that the total Pb and Cd concentrations in the soil before flowering citrus plants were in the range of 344,0007-381,4229 mg/kg and 3,6400-5,3236 mg/kg, respectively. However, the concentration of Pb in the soil during citrus harvest increased to 498,8548-514,3733 mg/kg, while Cd decreased to 2,7658-3,4094 mg/kg. In citrus fruits, it was found that the concentrations of Pb and Cd were 18,3048-24,2205 mg/kg and 12,3983-15,9922 mg/kg, respectively. This concentration exceeds the maximum allowed according to BPOM Regulation No. 5 of 2018. The bioavailability of Pb in the soil before the citrus plants flowered in each field was potentially bioavailable with an average percentage of 49,35%. In contrast to Pb, the bioavailability of Cd found in the soil of fields 1 and 3 was Cd which was bioavailable, with an average of 43,57% and 39,09%, while in field 2 it was non-bioavailable with a percentage of 41,33%.
Keywords: bioavailability, heavy metals, siamese citrus.