Orthotic Intervention for Ageing Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Brief Review

Muhamad Iman Jabilin, Khin Nyein Yin, Fatimah Ahmedy
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Abstract

Background and aim: The lifespan of individuals with spinal cord injury has increased significantly for the past decade due to improved healthcare and rehabilitation. However, ageing with SCI requires a unique management approach, including orthotic intervention for mobility function. This review explores the use of orthotic intervention among the elderly with SCI. Methods: A literature search was conducted via Medline and ScienceDirect for articles published from 2001 to 2021 with the following terms: “orthotic” or “orthosis” or “orthoses” and “spinal cord injury” and “elderly” or “geriatric” or “ageing”. Selected articles must be English and evaluate the usage of orthotic intervention among the elderly (aged >65 years) with a history of SCI. Reviews articles, case reports, and dissertations were excluded studies as well that included concomitant use of other interventions such as functional electrical stimulation devices. Results: The literature search yielded 25 articles, and after the screening, 3 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Mostly used orthosis was reciprocal gait orthosis, hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis, and knee-ankle-foot orthosis among the elderly with SCI. Between 25.8% to one-third of the studied population were reported not compliant with the orthotic interventions due to difficulties of donning and using them in day-to-day activities. Age was not a significant factor for poor compliance with the use of an orthosis (p > 0.05). None of the articles has evaluated the use of orthosis for improving hand function in tetraplegia. Conclusions: Longevity research in SCI must focus on orthotic interventions among ageing SCI individuals, especially on poor compliance and its causes, as well as the use of upper limb orthosis for tetraplegic hands.
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老年人脊髓损伤矫形干预:简要综述
背景和目的:由于医疗保健和康复的改善,脊髓损伤患者的寿命在过去十年中显著增加。然而,老年SCI患者需要一种独特的管理方法,包括对活动功能的矫形干预。这篇综述探讨了矫形干预在老年脊髓损伤患者中的应用。方法:通过Medline和ScienceDirect进行文献检索,检索2001年至2021年发表的文章,其中包含以下术语:“orthotic”或“orthosis”或“orthoses”,“spinal cord injury”和“elderly”或“geriatric”或“ageing”。入选的文章必须为英文,并评估有SCI病史的老年人(年龄>65岁)矫形干预的使用情况。综述文章、病例报告和论文也被排除在外,包括同时使用其他干预措施,如功能性电刺激装置。结果:检索文献25篇,经筛选,有3篇研究符合入选标准。在老年脊髓损伤患者中,主要使用的矫形器为反向步态矫形器、髋关节-膝关节-踝关节-足矫形器和膝关节-踝关节-足矫形器。据报道,25.8%至三分之一的研究人群由于在日常活动中穿戴和使用矫形器困难而不遵守矫形器干预措施。年龄不是影响矫形器使用依从性的重要因素(p > 0.05)。没有一篇文章评估矫形器对四肢瘫痪患者手部功能的改善。结论:SCI的长寿研究必须关注老年SCI患者的矫形干预,特别是对依从性差及其原因的研究,以及对四肢瘫痪的手使用上肢矫形器的研究。
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