Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus Antibodies in a Group of Bangladeshi Women in Child-Bearing Age: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Background: Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common cause of congenital infections and can be life-threatening in immune compromised individuals. We aimed to shed light on the Seroprevalence of HCMV antibodies in women of child-bearing age in a tertiary care hospital and in a health science university of Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 84 apparently healthy 20-40 years old women (42 pregnant and 42 non-pregnant) were screened for anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Serum levels of bilirubin, and liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase) were evaluated by biochemistry auto analyzers. Results: All the participants were found positive for anti-CMV IgG (100%) while 1 pregnant woman revealed positivity for both IgM and IgG justifying recent infection. CMV IgG antibody was found positive in 48 (68.6%) and 14 (100%) relatively younger volunteers in married (n=70) and unmarried (n=14) group respectively, and in 22 (31.4%) elderly volunteers of married group. Significantly higher mean value of Sample Optical Density (SOD) for CMV IgM was observed in pregnant than that of non-pregnant counterpart ( p =0.023; 95% CI=0.032-0.002). Again, the mean SOD of CMV IgG was significantly lower in non-pregnant women compared to that of the pregnant women in the employed group [ p =0.029; 95% CI=1.176-(-0.006)]. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that the women of child bearing age are very much exposed to CMV infection. Pregnancy and working outside (employment) are two important risk factors for repeated exposure to infection as indicated by higher measured Optical Density (OD) for CMV IgG. A comprehensive study with a long-term follow-up of offspring born to HCMV IgM-positive mothers would provide estimates of an accurate percentage of symptomatic congenital HCMV infection in Bangladesh.