APPLICATION METHODS OF COUMATETRALYL BAITS TO CONTROL RATTUS RATTUS DIARDII IN HIGH INFESTATION AREAS

The Planter Pub Date : 2021-03-25 DOI:10.56333/tp.2021.005
B. R
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Abstract

The most widely practiced method of rat control in oil palm plantations is by baiting with anticoagulant rat poisons. Two experiments were conducted to study the efficacy and susceptibility of first-generation anticoagulant rat bait, coumatetralyl (0.375%) to control Rattus rattus diardii. In the first experiment, a laboratory trial was conducted to test two commercial coumatetralyl 0.375 per cent rat baits (5 g and 6 g) and one brodifacoum bait (5 g) in comparison with an untreated control. All the three baits provided excellent kill of Rattus rattus diardii. The results indicated that, Rattus rattus diardii from the locality of Sampit in Central Kalimantan was susceptible to first-generation anticoagulant of coumatetralyl and coumatetralyl baits were highly palatable. The laboratory findings prompted to evaluate the efficacy of first-generation bait in the field. The second experiment was conducted in an 18-year-old mature oil palm field to evaluate coumatetralyl rat bait in three baiting treatments to control high rat infestation with high fresh damage (18%; 12%; 15%; 17%) of Rattus rattus diardii. The coumatetralyl wax bait was evaluated with one bait per palm (replacement at 4 days interval), three baits per palm (replacement at 7 days interval) and five baits per palm (replacement at 7 days interval); and an untreated control treatment was included. All the three baiting treatments provided successful control of rats and reduced the rat population to a negligible level. The standard baiting treatment required nine baiting rounds. The three baits per palm and five baits per palm treatments needed eight and five baiting rounds respectively. The fresh damage on fresh fruit bunches (FFB) in all the three treatments were observed to have reduced from high level to 0 per cent. The first-generation coumatetralyl anticoagulant bait was effective for the control of Rattus rattus diardii. Hence, it is good approach to use the first-generation baits (for example coumatetralyl bait) in susceptible rat population areas until such time the change to second generation rodenticide bait is required. Placements of more baits required fewer baiting rounds but may result in over application of baits which lead to high cost. Therefore, multiple bait application is not recommended for routine baiting campaigns. It is relatively an interim measure for quick reduction of rat populations especially in high infestation areas. Keywords: Oil palm, high rat population, baiting, first-generation anticoagulant, coumatetralyl, Rattus rattus diardii.
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黄家鼠高发地区施用杀虫剂防治黄家鼠的方法
在油棕种植园中,最广泛使用的鼠患控制方法是用抗凝血鼠药作为诱饵。采用2项试验研究了第一代抗凝鼠饵古马黄酮(0.375%)对家鼠的防治效果和敏感性。在第一个实验中,进行了一项实验室试验,与未经处理的对照进行比较,测试了两种商用的0.375%的coumatalyl鼠饵(5克和6克)和一种溴化菌饵(5克)。三种毒饵均具有较好的杀鼠效果。结果表明,产自加里曼丹中部Sampit地区的家鼠对第一代抗凝剂coumatyalyl敏感,coumatyalyl毒饵具有较高的适口性。实验室研究结果促使对第一代饵料的田间药效进行评估。第二项试验在18年成熟油棕地进行,评价三种施药方式对防治高鼠害高鲜害(18%;12%;15%;家鼠(Rattus didii)为17%。采用每棕榈1饵(间隔4 d更换一次)、每棕榈3饵(间隔7 d更换一次)和每棕榈5饵(间隔7 d更换一次)对古菊蜡饵进行评价;并包括一个未经治疗的对照组。三种诱捕方法均能有效控制大鼠,使大鼠数量减少到可忽略不计的水平。标准的诱饵治疗需要9轮诱饵。每手掌3个饵和每手掌5个饵分别需要8轮和5轮饵。3种处理对鲜果束的鲜害均由较高水平降至0%。第一代库特尔抗凝饵对家鼠的防治效果较好。因此,在鼠易感区使用第一代毒饵(如coumatetralyl毒饵),直至需要更换为第二代杀鼠毒饵时,是一种较好的方法。放置更多的诱饵需要更少的诱饵轮数,但可能导致过度使用诱饵,从而导致高成本。因此,不建议在常规的投毒活动中使用多种诱饵。在鼠害高发地区,这是一种快速减少鼠害的临时措施。关键词:油棕,大鼠种群,诱饵,第一代抗凝血剂,古马酮,家鼠
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