Muhammad Nurfaiz Abd Kharim, Wan Nurul Atiqah Rosdi
Drone technology is emerging as a pivotal component in the agricultural sector, particularly in the context of Agricultural Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0). Its application, especially in activities such as fertiliser and crop protection chemical spraying in the Kemubu Agricultural Development Authority (KADA) granary areas, can significantly enhance the farmers’ yields. Despite the positive reception of drone technology, there is a growing phenomenon of technology rejection that requires further exploration. This research aims to investigate farmers’ acceptance of drones as a mechanisation tool for paddy cultivation in the Jajahan Bachok, Kelantan granary areas within KADA authority. A structured questionnaire, based on the knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) model, was administered to 82 farmers surrounding Jajahan Bachok through purposive sampling. Data analysis using SPSS version 26.0 involved Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s Correlation, and Reliability tests. The study reveals that paddy farmers exhibit acceptance of drone technology, albeit with a slow adoption rate. The correlations between knowledge, attitude, and practice with drone mechanisation acceptance are significant but negligible at levels of 0.253, 0.866, and 0.69, respectively. This research is vital for both agency and drone vendors to comprehend the factors influencing drone technology acceptance among paddy farmers. Understanding these factors can contribute to enhance the application and adoption rate of drone as next important mechanisation for paddy farming activities among farmers especially in the KADA granary areas. Keywords: Drone, paddy, acceptance, KAP model, KADA.
{"title":"EXTENSION CASE STUDY: WHY PADDY FARMERS ARE NOT INCLINED TO USE A DRONE AS PART OF MECHANISATION FOR PADDY CULTIVATION","authors":"Muhammad Nurfaiz Abd Kharim, Wan Nurul Atiqah Rosdi","doi":"10.56333/tp.2024.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2024.004","url":null,"abstract":"Drone technology is emerging as a pivotal component in the agricultural sector, particularly in the context of Agricultural Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0). Its application, especially in activities such as fertiliser and crop protection chemical spraying in the Kemubu Agricultural Development Authority (KADA) granary areas, can significantly enhance the farmers’ yields. Despite the positive reception of drone technology, there is a growing phenomenon of technology rejection that requires further exploration. This research aims to investigate farmers’ acceptance of drones as a mechanisation tool for paddy cultivation in the Jajahan Bachok, Kelantan granary areas within KADA authority. A structured questionnaire, based on the knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) model, was administered to 82 farmers surrounding Jajahan Bachok through purposive sampling. Data analysis using SPSS version 26.0 involved Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s Correlation, and Reliability tests. The study reveals that paddy farmers exhibit acceptance of drone technology, albeit with a slow adoption rate. The correlations between knowledge, attitude, and practice with drone mechanisation acceptance are significant but negligible at levels of 0.253, 0.866, and 0.69, respectively. This research is vital for both agency and drone vendors to comprehend the factors influencing drone technology acceptance among paddy farmers. Understanding these factors can contribute to enhance the application and adoption rate of drone as next important mechanisation for paddy farming activities among farmers especially in the KADA granary areas. Keywords: Drone, paddy, acceptance, KAP model, KADA.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"6 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141098557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dzulhelmi MUHAMMAD NASIR, Ariff Ateed MOHD NOH, Cik Mohd Rizuan Zainal Abidin
Regardless of palm age, rodents have been the main concern for oil palm planters. The present study examined the abundance of rodents in immature (1-3-year-old) and mature (18-20-year-old) oil palm plantations (FGVAS Sahabat 17) in Lahad Datu, Sabah. Over a period of 30 months, 150 cage traps were set in a 300-palm area for four consecutive nights each month for immature and mature palms, respectively. During the study, four rodent species, Callosciurus notatus, Rattus exulans, Rattus rattus diardii, and Maxomys whiteheadi were captured. In immature oil palm, R. exulans (53.59%) was the highest number recorded, and R. r. diardii (88.56%) was the highest number in mature oil palm. The total number of rats varied between immature and mature oil palms [t (54) = 7.392, p = 0.0001]. The ratio of the number of rodents captured in immature and mature oil palms was 4:1. There was a significant difference in the abundance of rats in immature and mature oil palms between the wet (U = 25.50, p = < 0.0003) and dry seasons (U = 12.50, p = < 0.001). This study identified the abundance of rodent species in immature and mature oil palm plantations as a baseline for rodent pest management. Keywords: Oil palm, rodent species, wet season, dry season, Lahad Datu.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF ABUNDANCE OF RODENTS IN IMMATURE AND MATURE OIL PALM PLANTATIONS IN LAHAD DATU, SABAH","authors":"Dzulhelmi MUHAMMAD NASIR, Ariff Ateed MOHD NOH, Cik Mohd Rizuan Zainal Abidin","doi":"10.56333/tp.2024.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2024.003","url":null,"abstract":"Regardless of palm age, rodents have been the main concern for oil palm planters. The present study examined the abundance of rodents in immature (1-3-year-old) and mature (18-20-year-old) oil palm plantations (FGVAS Sahabat 17) in Lahad Datu, Sabah. Over a period of 30 months, 150 cage traps were set in a 300-palm area for four consecutive nights each month for immature and mature palms, respectively. During the study, four rodent species, Callosciurus notatus, Rattus exulans, Rattus rattus diardii, and Maxomys whiteheadi were captured. In immature oil palm, R. exulans (53.59%) was the highest number recorded, and R. r. diardii (88.56%) was the highest number in mature oil palm. The total number of rats varied between immature and mature oil palms [t (54) = 7.392, p = 0.0001]. The ratio of the number of rodents captured in immature and mature oil palms was 4:1. There was a significant difference in the abundance of rats in immature and mature oil palms between the wet (U = 25.50, p = < 0.0003) and dry seasons (U = 12.50, p = < 0.001). This study identified the abundance of rodent species in immature and mature oil palm plantations as a baseline for rodent pest management. Keywords: Oil palm, rodent species, wet season, dry season, Lahad Datu.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140653810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ann Liew Yiew, YI Loke Jing, Kheng Goh Yit, Heng Tey Seng
Latex yield stimulants, such as ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), are widely utilised in the rubber industry to extend latex flow, ultimately improving latex yield. In this study, which lasted 44 months, the efficacy of three promising liquid stimulants (referred to as Products A, B, and D) was compared with Product C which is the common stimulation product used currently. Overall, all tested latex stimulation products demonstrated the ability to increase latex yield per tapping by 75 to 89 grammes per tree per tapping (g/t/t) or 50 to 78 per cent during the months of stimulation. However, on a long-term basis, when the yields of stimulated and non-stimulated (wintering) months were taken into account, the yield per tapping of stimulated trees increased by 11 to 18 g/t/t or 32 to 51 per cent. Notably, Product A, when applied three times a month, showed the highest incidence of tapping panel dryness (TPD) compared to the Control and Product D treatments, where no TPD was observed. The cost-benefit analysis showed that Product C was the most economically viable option, costing only RM 0.10 per kilogramme of latex yield, in contrast to the other stimulants, which ranged from RM 0.19 to RM 2.15 per kilogramme of latex yield. Keywords: Natural rubber, panel dryness, rubber production, latex yield stimulants.
橡胶工业广泛使用乳胶产量刺激剂（如乙烯利（2-氯乙基膦酸））来延长乳胶流动性，最终提高乳胶产量。在这项历时 44 个月的研究中，我们将三种前景看好的液体刺激剂（称为产品 A、B 和 D）的功效与目前常用的刺激产品产品 C 进行了比较。总体而言，所有接受测试的乳胶刺激产品都表明，在刺激的几个月内，每棵树每次抽梢的乳胶产量可增加 75 至 89 克（克/吨/吨），即 50 至 78%。不过，从长期来看，如果考虑到受刺激月份和非受刺激月份（越冬）的产量，受刺激树木的每次攻丝产量增加了 11 至 18 克/吨，即 32% 至 51%。值得注意的是，与对照组和产品 D 处理相比，产品 A 每月施用三次时，出芽板干燥（TPD）的发生率最高，而对照组和产品 D 处理未观察到出芽板干燥（TPD）。成本效益分析表明，产品 C 是最经济可行的选择，每公斤乳胶产量的成本仅为 0.10 马币，而其他刺激剂每公斤乳胶产量的成本从 0.19 马币到 2.15 马币不等。关键词天然橡胶、板材干燥度、橡胶生产、乳胶产量刺激剂。
{"title":"Evaluation of Four Yield Stimulants on Hevea brasiliensis Yield","authors":"Ann Liew Yiew, YI Loke Jing, Kheng Goh Yit, Heng Tey Seng","doi":"10.56333/tp.2024.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2024.001","url":null,"abstract":"Latex yield stimulants, such as ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), are widely utilised in the rubber industry to extend latex flow, ultimately improving latex yield. In this study, which lasted 44 months, the efficacy of three promising liquid stimulants (referred to as Products A, B, and D) was compared with Product C which is the common stimulation product used currently. Overall, all tested latex stimulation products demonstrated the ability to increase latex yield per tapping by 75 to 89 grammes per tree per tapping (g/t/t) or 50 to 78 per cent during the months of stimulation. However, on a long-term basis, when the yields of stimulated and non-stimulated (wintering) months were taken into account, the yield per tapping of stimulated trees increased by 11 to 18 g/t/t or 32 to 51 per cent. Notably, Product A, when applied three times a month, showed the highest incidence of tapping panel dryness (TPD) compared to the Control and Product D treatments, where no TPD was observed. The cost-benefit analysis showed that Product C was the most economically viable option, costing only RM 0.10 per kilogramme of latex yield, in contrast to the other stimulants, which ranged from RM 0.19 to RM 2.15 per kilogramme of latex yield. Keywords: Natural rubber, panel dryness, rubber production, latex yield stimulants.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) certification is a regulatory requirement for all oil palm growers and processing facilities in Malaysia. However, unlike the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), MSPO does not offer any monetary benefits. Growers have concerns about the increased costs of implementing MSPO. The objective of this research was to identify whether there was a cost increase in terms of overall cost per tonne of oil palm bunch, cost per area, and any changes in production. Similar methods to those used in numerous articles on RSPO were employed, utilising the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) Framework coupled with a questionnaire to collect data. The data were then analysed using a paired t-test. Samples were collected from MSPO-certified estates with the assistance of the Incorporated Society of Planters (ISP) and Malaysian Estate Owners’ Association (MEOA) network. While we initially aimed to collect 72 samples, we managed to obtain 76 respondents. The findings revealed a significant cost increase per tonne of oil palm bunch, as well as an increase in cost per area after the estates adopted MSPO. However, there was also a significant recorded increase in yield production. When compared to current data, the yield increase, coupled with the oil palm price from the previous year, could not justify the increase in cost and resulted in lower profits. It would be ideal for MSPO-certified estates to obtain RSPO certification to increase their revenue, as RSPO has an impact on the selling price of the oil palm. It is recommended that future studies include an in-depth analysis to gain a more holistic and detailed understanding of the impact of sustainability certification on oil palm plantations. Furthermore, a separate study focusing solely on smallholders would be beneficial as it may reveal a different picture. Keywords: MSPO, RSPO, sustainability, oil palm.
{"title":"IMPACT OF MSPO CERTIFICATION ON PROFIT AMONG PALM OIL GROWERS IN MALAYSIA","authors":"Fabian Chin Wen Lim, J. Sharifuddin, Ann Sinden","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.030","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) certification is a regulatory requirement for all oil palm growers and processing facilities in Malaysia. However, unlike the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), MSPO does not offer any monetary benefits. Growers have concerns about the increased costs of implementing MSPO. The objective of this research was to identify whether there was a cost increase in terms of overall cost per tonne of oil palm bunch, cost per area, and any changes in production. Similar methods to those used in numerous articles on RSPO were employed, utilising the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) Framework coupled with a questionnaire to collect data. The data were then analysed using a paired t-test. Samples were collected from MSPO-certified estates with the assistance of the Incorporated Society of Planters (ISP) and Malaysian Estate Owners’ Association (MEOA) network. While we initially aimed to collect 72 samples, we managed to obtain 76 respondents. The findings revealed a significant cost increase per tonne of oil palm bunch, as well as an increase in cost per area after the estates adopted MSPO. However, there was also a significant recorded increase in yield production. When compared to current data, the yield increase, coupled with the oil palm price from the previous year, could not justify the increase in cost and resulted in lower profits. It would be ideal for MSPO-certified estates to obtain RSPO certification to increase their revenue, as RSPO has an impact on the selling price of the oil palm. It is recommended that future studies include an in-depth analysis to gain a more holistic and detailed understanding of the impact of sustainability certification on oil palm plantations. Furthermore, a separate study focusing solely on smallholders would be beneficial as it may reveal a different picture. Keywords: MSPO, RSPO, sustainability, oil palm.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"44 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138943550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
YUSDAYATI RASHID, MUHAMMAD DZULHELMI MUHAMMAD NASIR, ARIFF ATEED MOHD NOH, SHAHRUL AZMAN BAKAR, WAN NURULSYUHADA WAN HAMZAH, CIK MOHD RIZUAN ZAINAL ABIDIN
Outbreaks of the bagworm Metisa plana often occur in Malaysian oil palm plantations. Given the complexities of the M. plana lifecycle, the high cost of lower-toxicity chemical pesticides, and the labour shortage, the application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, was used, as it is more practical at a commercial scale. In July 2022, FGVPM Besout 6 and Besout 7, with a total planting area of 2 110.20 and 2 737.30 ha, respectively, experienced massive M. plana infestations with a total outbreak area of 622.50 ha (29.50%) and 650.00 ha (23.75%), respectively. Within five days, drones equipped with fan nozzles for spraying flubendiamide insecticide at a rate of 36 L per hectare were able to combat the infestation. Water-sensitive paper was set up to ensure the droplet distribution met the standard operating procedure requirement. ImageJ analysis confirmed the sprayed coverage area was excellent, especially on the upper frond. At 30 days after spraying (DAS), the number of live M. plana individuals per frond dropped to zero compared to the non-treated area, which counted 82.50 M. plana. The effectiveness of spraying is supported by its high productivity as compared to the conventional approach of trunk injection. The results demonstrated that with the right dosage of pesticides, drone spraying with proper specification is more feasible, affordable, saves time, and has been proven to be efficient for M. plana treatment on a commercial scale. Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicle, drone, oil palm, precision agriculture, bagworm Metisa plana.
{"title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF DRONE SPRAYING TO CONTROL BAGWORM OUTBREAK","authors":"YUSDAYATI RASHID, MUHAMMAD DZULHELMI MUHAMMAD NASIR, ARIFF ATEED MOHD NOH, SHAHRUL AZMAN BAKAR, WAN NURULSYUHADA WAN HAMZAH, CIK MOHD RIZUAN ZAINAL ABIDIN","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"Outbreaks of the bagworm Metisa plana often occur in Malaysian oil palm plantations. Given the complexities of the M. plana lifecycle, the high cost of lower-toxicity chemical pesticides, and the labour shortage, the application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, was used, as it is more practical at a commercial scale. In July 2022, FGVPM Besout 6 and Besout 7, with a total planting area of 2 110.20 and 2 737.30 ha, respectively, experienced massive M. plana infestations with a total outbreak area of 622.50 ha (29.50%) and 650.00 ha (23.75%), respectively. Within five days, drones equipped with fan nozzles for spraying flubendiamide insecticide at a rate of 36 L per hectare were able to combat the infestation. Water-sensitive paper was set up to ensure the droplet distribution met the standard operating procedure requirement. ImageJ analysis confirmed the sprayed coverage area was excellent, especially on the upper frond. At 30 days after spraying (DAS), the number of live M. plana individuals per frond dropped to zero compared to the non-treated area, which counted 82.50 M. plana. The effectiveness of spraying is supported by its high productivity as compared to the conventional approach of trunk injection. The results demonstrated that with the right dosage of pesticides, drone spraying with proper specification is more feasible, affordable, saves time, and has been proven to be efficient for M. plana treatment on a commercial scale. Keywords: Unmanned aerial vehicle, drone, oil palm, precision agriculture, bagworm Metisa plana.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"12 48","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136227488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several species of wild banana plants can be encountered in oil palm plantations and a number of them are considered as weeds. Some wild banana species in Malaysia are Musa acuminata, Musa violascens, Musa gracilis, Musa balbisiana, Musa beccari, Musa campestris, Musa monticola, Musa borneensis, Musa ornata and Musa juwiniana. These wild banana plants produce inedible fruits with many large hard seeds. Musa ornata, M. violascens and M. gracilis are cultivated as ornamentals in gardens because of their unique appearance with brightly coloured bracts and other colourful parts in red, purple, pink, or white. This paper gives a brief account of these wild banana species and deliberate in general the classification, names, distribution, habitats, plant features, pollination, dispersal, and uses. The most common wild banana weed encountered in oil palm plantations is M. acuminata. The weed status and management aspects of the wild banana weeds are deliberated and focussed on and to a lesser extent references to the control of unwanted banana plants/disease infected plants are also given. The early detection and control of wild banana weeds are the strategies adopted for the management of these weeds in oil palm plantations. In the integrated weed management approach, preventive measures are preferred. When planters encounter serious infestation of these weeds, several control measures of applying herbicides (2,4-D herbicides, glyphosate isopropylamine, metsulfuron-methyl) such as trunk injection, insertion of treated sticks and cut and application are possible. In the writer’s opinion, cutting and applying a few drops of 2,4-D herbicide concentrate is probably the obvious recommendation for controlling wild banana weeds in serious widespread infestation in replanting fields and immature planting in oil palm plantations. Keywords: Wild banana plants, Musa species, weeds, ornamental, oil palm, management, herbicides.
{"title":"WILD BANANA PLANTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT IN OIL PALM PLANTATIONS","authors":"GAIT FEE CHUNG","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.027","url":null,"abstract":"Several species of wild banana plants can be encountered in oil palm plantations and a number of them are considered as weeds. Some wild banana species in Malaysia are Musa acuminata, Musa violascens, Musa gracilis, Musa balbisiana, Musa beccari, Musa campestris, Musa monticola, Musa borneensis, Musa ornata and Musa juwiniana. These wild banana plants produce inedible fruits with many large hard seeds. Musa ornata, M. violascens and M. gracilis are cultivated as ornamentals in gardens because of their unique appearance with brightly coloured bracts and other colourful parts in red, purple, pink, or white. This paper gives a brief account of these wild banana species and deliberate in general the classification, names, distribution, habitats, plant features, pollination, dispersal, and uses. The most common wild banana weed encountered in oil palm plantations is M. acuminata. The weed status and management aspects of the wild banana weeds are deliberated and focussed on and to a lesser extent references to the control of unwanted banana plants/disease infected plants are also given. The early detection and control of wild banana weeds are the strategies adopted for the management of these weeds in oil palm plantations. In the integrated weed management approach, preventive measures are preferred. When planters encounter serious infestation of these weeds, several control measures of applying herbicides (2,4-D herbicides, glyphosate isopropylamine, metsulfuron-methyl) such as trunk injection, insertion of treated sticks and cut and application are possible. In the writer’s opinion, cutting and applying a few drops of 2,4-D herbicide concentrate is probably the obvious recommendation for controlling wild banana weeds in serious widespread infestation in replanting fields and immature planting in oil palm plantations. Keywords: Wild banana plants, Musa species, weeds, ornamental, oil palm, management, herbicides.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"13 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136227718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite a dramatic increase in the profitability of palm plantations since 2019, their valuation in the stock market remains depressed. The industry appears to be unable to escape a widespread feeling of terminal decline. Investors cite two major issues: the oil palm’s environmental record and difficulties finding workers amidst rising labour costs. This article examines both of these concerns. It finds that sustainability concerns today do not threaten the industry, but rather that they have become a source of additional profitability. The oil palm’s higher labour requirement, while very noticeable, is a structural issue which has traditionally been defrayed by higher yields. The central issue for the oil palm is not its higher labour requirements, but its relatively poor yield performance. Higher yielding plantations are significantly more profitable, yet listed plantations have underperformed the average in terms of their yield. As we demonstrate this is driven predominantly by a sharp decline among the bottom third of listed plantation companies. Keywords: Oil crops, yield comparison, agribusiness, ESG, company valuation, outlook for the plantation sector, oilseeds, labour
{"title":"IS AN OIL PALM PLANTATION STILL A COMPETITIVE BUSINESS?","authors":"JULIAN CONWAY MCGILL","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.028","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a dramatic increase in the profitability of palm plantations since 2019, their valuation in the stock market remains depressed. The industry appears to be unable to escape a widespread feeling of terminal decline. Investors cite two major issues: the oil palm’s environmental record and difficulties finding workers amidst rising labour costs. This article examines both of these concerns. It finds that sustainability concerns today do not threaten the industry, but rather that they have become a source of additional profitability. The oil palm’s higher labour requirement, while very noticeable, is a structural issue which has traditionally been defrayed by higher yields. The central issue for the oil palm is not its higher labour requirements, but its relatively poor yield performance. Higher yielding plantations are significantly more profitable, yet listed plantations have underperformed the average in terms of their yield. As we demonstrate this is driven predominantly by a sharp decline among the bottom third of listed plantation companies. Keywords: Oil crops, yield comparison, agribusiness, ESG, company valuation, outlook for the plantation sector, oilseeds, labour","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"12 49","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136227487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DZULHELMI MUHAMMAD NASIR, IZFA RIZA HAZM, MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKIM AZHARI, SAHARUL-ABILLAH MOHAMAD, MUHAMMAD NURUL YAQIN SYARIF, SURIYANTI SU NYUN PAU, NURSYEREEN MOHD NASIR
The pollinating weevil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus, was introduced to Malaysia in 1981 to foster the production of oil palm fruit bunches. The weevil plays a significant role in the pollination of oil palm. This study aims to determine the life cycle, development period, body size and longevity of oil palm pollinating weevils in four different types of soils in Malaysia, namely: shallow peat soil [Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) Teluk Intan], deep peat soil (MPOB Sessang), mineral soil (MPOB Long Danau) and clay soil [Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) Sahabat]. The result from the study conducted in MPOB, Bangi showed that the total weevil life cycle and development period ranged from 1-14 days, whereby the eggs hatched in 0-1 day, formation of larva I was around 1-3 days, larva II around 2-10 days, larva III around 4-12 days, pupae around 6-14 days and adult weevil around 8-14 days, without any significant differences between the four populations in different soil types from different plantations. About 80 per cent of male and female weevils can live an average of 33 and 32 days, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in longevity between male and female adults. Meanwhile, the morphological size measured differed significantly among the life stages between the four weevil populations. Overall, there was a slight variation, however, there was no significant difference in the life cycle, development period and longevity between the four weevil populations in different types of soil from different plantations in Malaysia. Keywords: Life history, longevity, morphological size, soil types, agriculture.
1981年，传粉象鼻虫Elaeidobius kamerunicus被引入马来西亚，以促进油棕果束的生产。象鼻虫在油棕的授粉中起着重要的作用。本研究旨在确定马来西亚四种不同类型土壤中油棕授粉象象虫的生命周期、发育期、体型和寿命，即:浅泥炭土[马来西亚棕榈油局(MPOB) Teluk Intan]、深泥炭土(MPOB Sessang)、矿质土(MPOB Long Danau)和粘土土[联邦土地发展局(FELDA) Sahabat]。在Bangi MPOB进行的研究结果表明，象鼻虫的整个生命周期和发育周期为1-14天，其中卵在0-1天孵化，幼虫1-3天形成，幼虫2-10天形成，幼虫3 -12天形成，蛹6-14天形成，成虫8-14天形成，不同土壤类型、不同人工林4个种群间差异不显著。大约80%的雄性和雌性象鼻虫的平均寿命分别为33天和32天。然而，男性和女性成年人的寿命没有显著差异。与此同时，4个象鼻虫种群的形态大小在不同的生命阶段存在显著差异。总体而言，4个象鼻虫种群在马来西亚不同人工林不同类型土壤中的生命周期、发育期和寿命差异不显著。关键词:生命史，寿命，形态大小，土壤类型，农业。
{"title":"LIFE CYCLE AND DEVELOPMENT PERIODS OF OIL PALM POLLINATING WEEVIL, ELAEIDOBIUS KAMERUNICUS FAUST, 1878 (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) FROM OIL PALM PLANTATIONS IN MALAYSIA","authors":"DZULHELMI MUHAMMAD NASIR, IZFA RIZA HAZM, MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKIM AZHARI, SAHARUL-ABILLAH MOHAMAD, MUHAMMAD NURUL YAQIN SYARIF, SURIYANTI SU NYUN PAU, NURSYEREEN MOHD NASIR","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.026","url":null,"abstract":"The pollinating weevil, Elaeidobius kamerunicus, was introduced to Malaysia in 1981 to foster the production of oil palm fruit bunches. The weevil plays a significant role in the pollination of oil palm. This study aims to determine the life cycle, development period, body size and longevity of oil palm pollinating weevils in four different types of soils in Malaysia, namely: shallow peat soil [Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) Teluk Intan], deep peat soil (MPOB Sessang), mineral soil (MPOB Long Danau) and clay soil [Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) Sahabat]. The result from the study conducted in MPOB, Bangi showed that the total weevil life cycle and development period ranged from 1-14 days, whereby the eggs hatched in 0-1 day, formation of larva I was around 1-3 days, larva II around 2-10 days, larva III around 4-12 days, pupae around 6-14 days and adult weevil around 8-14 days, without any significant differences between the four populations in different soil types from different plantations. About 80 per cent of male and female weevils can live an average of 33 and 32 days, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in longevity between male and female adults. Meanwhile, the morphological size measured differed significantly among the life stages between the four weevil populations. Overall, there was a slight variation, however, there was no significant difference in the life cycle, development period and longevity between the four weevil populations in different types of soil from different plantations in Malaysia. Keywords: Life history, longevity, morphological size, soil types, agriculture.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"12 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134972109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Somatic embryogenesis remains to be a key bottleneck in oil palm clonal propagation and resampling of embryogenic ortets may be one approach to alleviate this problem. Resampling, is currently practised by oil palm tissue culture laboratories to increase the production of clones from elite ortets. However, reproducibility of the embryogenesis outcome from resampling exercises has not been examined in detail. Therefore, embryogenesis reproducibility upon resampling was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient analysis. Sampling and resampling were conducted when ortets were seven to 19 years old. Resampling interval periods of three to eight years showed moderate concordance in embryogenesis reproducibility. An alternative analysis approach through categorising the ortets based on their embryogenesis outcomes into zero, low, medium and high embryogenesis categories indicated that 54.4 per cent of ortets reproduced their embryogenesis outcome while 35.6 per cent showed a shift by one embryogenesis category upon resampling. A resampling interval of 10 years was associated with a decline in embryogenesis outcomes. Observations from this study may help tissue culture laboratories in refining the selection of ortets for clonal propagation with the possibility of improving success rates in resampling exercises and thereby reducing operational costs. Keywords: Ortet, concordance, non-embryogenic, sampling interval.
{"title":"Reproducibility of Somatic Embryogenesis Upon Resampling of Oil Palm Ortets","authors":"C. Lim, Foo-Hin Wong, S. Ooi","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.025","url":null,"abstract":"Somatic embryogenesis remains to be a key bottleneck in oil palm clonal propagation and resampling of embryogenic ortets may be one approach to alleviate this problem. Resampling, is currently practised by oil palm tissue culture laboratories to increase the production of clones from elite ortets. However, reproducibility of the embryogenesis outcome from resampling exercises has not been examined in detail. Therefore, embryogenesis reproducibility upon resampling was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient analysis. Sampling and resampling were conducted when ortets were seven to 19 years old. Resampling interval periods of three to eight years showed moderate concordance in embryogenesis reproducibility. An alternative analysis approach through categorising the ortets based on their embryogenesis outcomes into zero, low, medium and high embryogenesis categories indicated that 54.4 per cent of ortets reproduced their embryogenesis outcome while 35.6 per cent showed a shift by one embryogenesis category upon resampling. A resampling interval of 10 years was associated with a decline in embryogenesis outcomes. Observations from this study may help tissue culture laboratories in refining the selection of ortets for clonal propagation with the possibility of improving success rates in resampling exercises and thereby reducing operational costs. Keywords: Ortet, concordance, non-embryogenic, sampling interval.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74170503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farm tractors are used in oil palm plantations to carry out various field operations. Selection of the right farm tractor will incur lower running cost, ensure faster return of investment, and field operations are carried out efficiently and effectively. The selection criteria for a tractor depends on horsepower (Hp), tractor transmission, clutch, power take off (PTO), specific fuel consumption (SFC), torque, brake, hydraulic, weight, drawbar pull and lifting capacity. In addition, the safety and ergonomic factors are also needed to be given equal importance when choosing a farm tractor for estate operations. Keywords: Hp, PTO, torque, SFC, clutch and transmission.
{"title":"SELECTION CRITERIA TO CHOOSE A RIGHT FARM TRACTOR FOR AN OIL PALM PLANTATION","authors":"J. B, Patrick NG HONG CHUAN","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.023","url":null,"abstract":"Farm tractors are used in oil palm plantations to carry out various field operations. Selection of the right farm tractor will incur lower running cost, ensure faster return of investment, and field operations are carried out efficiently and effectively. The selection criteria for a tractor depends on horsepower (Hp), tractor transmission, clutch, power take off (PTO), specific fuel consumption (SFC), torque, brake, hydraulic, weight, drawbar pull and lifting capacity. In addition, the safety and ergonomic factors are also needed to be given equal importance when choosing a farm tractor for estate operations. Keywords: Hp, PTO, torque, SFC, clutch and transmission.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74646441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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