Basic magnetic concepts

Abstract

This chapter outlines the basic concepts of magnetism in order to further enhance the understanding of the magnetic properties of electrical steels. Starting from the simplest form of the magnetic dipole, the authors describe magnetisation, magnetic polarisation, magnetic flux density, permeability and the relationship between these concepts. The difficulty in modeling magnetic hysteresis in engineering disciplines is also analysed. Finally, the authors explain how the crystal structure affects the magnetism of silicon-iron electrical steels and the ideal grain orientation for optimised magnetic properties.