Expanding the Social Security Net in South Africa: Opportunities, Challenges and Constraints.

Kalie Pauw, L. Mncube
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引用次数: 71

Abstract

For a large proportion of the South African population, social welfare grants are an important source of income. Since 2000, rapid increases in government expenditure on social security have further enhanced the contribution of welfare grants to the income of poor households and have thus been important in the fight against poverty. Given these apparent successes, many are calling for further expansions in social security provisioning, with the idea of developing conditional cash transfer schemes occasionally surfacing in policy circles. However, as we argue in this Country Study, there are various constraints to such expansions of the welfare net. Whereas in the past much of the increased expenditure on social security provisioning could be financed out of government revenue overruns, further increases are likely to be possible only through reallocation of government expenditures. There is already evidence of substitution taking place within the social budget since education and health expenditures have apparently declined in favour of increased welfare transfer expenditures. This trend, we argue, is untenable and may harm the already weak education and health services in South Africa. Conditional grants linked to school attendance and visits to health clinics would place further pressure on health and education services, as well as on the agencies responsible for disbursing and monitoring welfare payments in the country. We argue, therefore, that budgetary and service delivery constraints currently present a strong argument against expansion of the social welfare system in the immediate future.
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扩大南非社会保障网络:机遇、挑战和制约因素。
对很大一部分南非人口来说,社会福利补助金是一项重要的收入来源。自2000年以来,政府在社会保障方面的支出迅速增加,进一步提高了福利补助对贫困户收入的贡献,因此在消除贫困方面发挥了重要作用。鉴于这些明显的成功,许多人呼吁进一步扩大社会保障供应,制定有条件现金转移计划的想法偶尔会出现在政策圈。然而,正如我们在这份国别研究报告中所指出的,这种福利网络的扩张受到各种限制。在过去,增加的社会保障支出的大部分可以由政府收入超支提供资金,而今后只有通过重新分配政府支出才能进一步增加。已经有证据表明,社会预算中出现了替代,因为教育和保健支出明显下降,有利于增加福利转移支出。我们认为,这种趋势是站不住脚的,可能会损害南非本已薄弱的教育和保健服务。与上学和到诊所就诊挂钩的有条件补助金将进一步给保健和教育服务部门以及负责支付和监测该国福利支付的机构带来压力。因此,我们认为,预算和服务提供的限制目前是反对在不久的将来扩大社会福利制度的有力理由。
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