SISTERHOOD, AFFECTION AND ENSLAVEMENT IN HYPERIDES’ AGAINST TIMANDRUS

Katherine Backler
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Abstract

Abstract A recently published fragment of the fourth-century speechwriter Hyperides contains a speech for the prosecution of Timandrus, accused of mistreating four orphans in his care. This article draws out from the fragment three important contributions to our understanding of Athenian conceptions of family relationships, particularly the relationships of marginalized groups: girls and enslaved people. First, the fragment constitutes a rare portrayal of a relationship between two sisters. Second, the fragment clearly articulates the idea that affective family relationships are not a biological inevitability but arise from socialization, a departure from other fourth-century thinking. Third, the speaker applies this statement to enslaved people, claiming that the separation of children from close family members is so cruel that even slave-traders avoid it in their sale of human beings. Though this claim seems to have been untrue except in a very limited sense, its place in the argumentation of the speech assumes broad recognition of the existence and value of family relationships between enslaved people, vivid evidence of the paradox that slave societies recognized the humanity of people they simultaneously insisted were subhuman.
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姐妹情谊,感情和奴役在hyperides对抗timandrus
最近出版的一份四世纪演讲撰稿人希里ides的片段包含了一段起诉提曼德鲁斯的演讲,提曼德鲁斯被指控虐待他所照顾的四个孤儿。这篇文章从片段中引出了三个重要的贡献,有助于我们理解雅典人的家庭关系概念,特别是边缘群体的关系:女孩和被奴役的人。首先,这个残片罕见地描绘了两姐妹之间的关系。其次,这段片段清楚地表达了这样一种观点,即情感家庭关系不是生物学上的必然性,而是源于社会化,这与四世纪的其他思想不同。第三,演讲者将这一说法应用于被奴役的人,声称将儿童与亲密的家庭成员分开是如此残酷,甚至奴隶贩子在贩卖人口时也避免这种情况。虽然这种说法除了在非常有限的意义上似乎是不真实的,但它在演讲论证中的位置假设了对奴隶之间家庭关系的存在和价值的广泛承认,这是一个悖论的生动证据,即奴隶社会承认他们同时坚持认为是次等人的人的人性。
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