The relationship between irritability, depression and anxiety among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis

Ling Li, L. Ren, Xiaoqing Zhan, Lingzhi Wang, Chang Liu, Meng-xue Zhao, Xi Luo, Zhengzhi Feng, Kuiliang Li
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Abstract

Introduction Irritability, a common symptom included in the 5th Edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), is thought to be associated with multiple emotional disorders. It is commonly seen among college students in isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, its relation with anxiety and depression remains unclear. We aim to study the relation of irritability, anxiety and depression in Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic by using network analysis to understand the co-occurrence of these three disorders. Methods During the COVID-19 pandemic, we recruited 1516 college students from five general universities in China to complete the Irritability, Depression and Anxiety Scale (IDA-S) to analyze the symptom network of irritability, depression and anxiety. Specifically, we assessed the indices of strength centrality and bridge strength for each node in the network. Results Some strongest linkages were found among anxiety symptoms “nervous” and “panic” (weight = 0.36), depression symptoms “sad mood” and “amused” (weight = 0.32), inward irritability items “self-hurt” and “self-harm” (weight = 0.32) and outward items “rough” and “aggressive” (weight = 0.28). The anxiety symptom “panic” had the highest strength value, followed by the inward irritability symptom “annoyed”. The nodes “ease” and “sleep” had the lowest strength value. In addition, the anxiety symptom “relax” had the highest bridge strength value, followed by inward irritability symptom “annoyed”. Conclusion This study explored the characteristics of a network of irritability, depression and anxiety symptoms among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that anxiety and irritability symptoms played an important role in the network. The findings provide evidence for prevention and intervention for college students' mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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新冠肺炎大流行期间中国大学生易怒、抑郁和焦虑关系的网络分析
易怒是《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》(DSM-5)第5版中收录的一种常见症状,被认为与多种情绪障碍有关。在新冠肺炎大流行期间,这种情况在被隔离的大学生中很常见。然而,它与焦虑和抑郁的关系尚不清楚。我们旨在通过网络分析研究新冠肺炎大流行期间中国大学生易怒、焦虑和抑郁的关系,了解这三种疾病的共现情况。方法在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,从全国5所普通高校抽取1516名大学生,填写烦躁、抑郁和焦虑量表(IDA-S),分析烦躁、抑郁和焦虑的症状网络。具体来说,我们评估了网络中每个节点的强度中心性和桥梁强度指标。结果焦虑症状“紧张”和“恐慌”(权重= 0.36)、抑郁症状“悲伤情绪”和“有趣”(权重= 0.32)、内向易怒项目“自残”和“自残”(权重= 0.32)、外向项目“粗暴”和“攻击性”(权重= 0.28)的关联最强。焦虑症状“恐慌”的强度值最高,内在烦躁症状“烦恼”的强度值次之。节点“ease”和“sleep”的强度值最低。此外,焦虑症状“放松”的桥强度值最高,内向易怒症状“烦恼”的桥强度值其次。结论本研究探讨了新冠肺炎大流行期间中国大学生易怒、抑郁和焦虑症状网络的特征。我们发现焦虑和易怒症状在网络中起着重要作用。研究结果为新冠肺炎大流行期间大学生心理健康问题的预防和干预提供了依据。
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