Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Patients with COVID-19 on the Background of Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

The research studied the clinical and laboratory characteristics of COVID-19 patients against the background of cardiovascular diseases. A high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was revealed among COVID-19 patients: arterial hypertension (93.4%), chronic heart failure (60.9%), cardiac arrhythmias (40.1%), coronary heart disease (21.9%). A reliable correlation was established between the timing of hospitalization from the onset of the disease and the severity of the infection, mortality was higher in persons hospitalized on the 5–7 day of the disease (59.8%). Patients with CVD are significantly more likely to develop complications, as well as higher deaths (11.53% vs. 4.30%). Pulmonary embolism (44%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (22%), acute kidney injury (20.6%) prevailed in the structure of causes of death. Gender differences in the course and outcomes of COVID-19 were found: the severity of the course and mortality rates were higher among males. According to clinical and laboratory indicators, patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system had a more severe course and a high degree of immuno-inflammatory reactions compared with the group of patients without a premorbid background. Upon admission to the hospital, patients with COVID-19 and CVD were significantly more likely to have a lesion of the pulmonary parenchyma of CT 3 and CT 4 (P<0.05), whereas in the group without concomitant cardiac pathology, lung lesion corresponded to CT 1 (P<0.05); CT of the lungs in dynamics showed differences in the study groups: in patients with COVID-19 and CVD, CT 3 was recorded significantly more often, and in the comparison group — CT 1 (45% vs. 10%, (P<0.05)).