35 years after the Chernobyl accident – do we need rehabilitation measures on agricultural land?

E. Prosyannikov, L. A. Zvereva, A. L. Silaev
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Abstract

The changes in the density of pollution Cs-137 of arable land, hayfields and pastures in the south-west of the Bryansk region are considered. It is noted that the cleansing process is slow, so reha-bilitation measures are the main way to reduce the specific activity of the radionuclide in crop and feed production. The paper presents algorithm of calculation. Economic efficiency of agrotech-nical and agrochemical rehabilitation of arable land is estimated on results of stationary field ex-periments. The most economically expedient rehabilitation measures for various soils and densi-ties of radioactive contamination are established: 1) soil sod-podzolic sand, contamination densi-ty 137Cs 871 kBq/m2 – in crop rotation barley, clover, corn, winter rye, oats application of lime flour in a dose of 2.1 t/ha + NPK; 2) sod-podzolic sandy loam soil, contamination density Cs-137 2516 kBq/m2 – in crop rotation winter rye, potatoes, barley + perennial grasses, clover + timofeevka of the first year of use, clover + timofeevka of the second year of use introduction of phosphorite flour in a dose of 288 kg/ha + NPK; 3) sod-podzolic soil light loamy, contamination density Cs-137 901 kBq/m2 – in crop rotation potatoes, barley, corn, oats + perennial grasses, clover + timofeev-ka of the first year of use, clover + timofeevka of the second year of use, winter rye application of one-and-a-half doses of phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizer in combination with one dose of nitrogen mineral fertilizer (NP1,5K1,5); 4) sod-podzolic soil is light loamy, contamination density Cs-137 1224 kBq/m2 – in crop rotation potatoes, barley, corn, oats + perennial grasses, clover + timofeevka of the first year of use, clover + timofeevka of the second year of use, application of dolomite flour in a dose of 3 t/ha + manure 120 t/ha + K600. For natural meadows, where rehabili-tation measures are not used, an adaptive method of agroecological use is proposed. With a con-tamination density of Cs-137 of more than 185 kBq/m2, it is advisable to harvest a green mass of canary grass stands in the central parts of the floodpubs, which accumulate less radionuclide, grazing animals along the otava is prohibited in order to protect them from radioactive substanc-es that may enter their body with sod and shallow soil. In “near the river bed” and “near terrace” parts of the waterprays, where grass stands accumulate much more Cs-137, grazing of animals is prohibited.
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切尔诺贝利事故发生35年后——我们需要农业用地恢复措施吗?
考虑了布良斯克地区西南部耕地、干地和牧场污染Cs-137浓度的变化。值得注意的是,清理过程是缓慢的,因此恢复措施是降低作物和饲料生产中放射性核素比活性的主要途径。本文给出了计算算法。根据固定田间试验结果,估算了耕地农化修复的经济效益。针对不同土壤和放射性污染密度,确定了最经济的修复措施:1)土壤灰化砂,污染密度为137Cs 871 kBq/m2 -在轮作大麦、三叶草、玉米、冬黑麦、燕麦中施用石灰粉,剂量为2.1 t/ha +氮磷钾;2)草灰化砂壤土,污染密度Cs-137 - 2516 kBq/m2 -在作物轮作中,冬黑麦、马铃薯、大麦+多年生牧草、三叶草+使用第一年的timofeevka、三叶草+使用第二年的timofeevka引入磷磷粉288 kg/ha + NPK;3)草化土轻壤土,污染密度Cs-137 901 kBq/m2 -在轮作马铃薯、大麦、玉米、燕麦+多年生禾草、三叶草+使用第一年的timofeev-ka、三叶草+使用第二年的timofeevka、冬黑麦中施用1剂半磷钾矿物肥配施1剂氮矿物肥(NP1,5K1,5);4)草化土为轻壤土,污染密度Cs-137 1224 kBq/m2 -轮作马铃薯、大麦、玉米、燕麦+多年生牧草,三叶草+使用第一年的季莫费耶夫卡,三叶草+使用第二年的季莫费耶夫卡,施用白云石粉3吨/公顷+粪肥120吨/公顷+ K600。对于未采取恢复措施的天然草甸,提出了一种适应性的农业生态利用方法。由于Cs-137的污染密度超过185 kBq/m2,建议在洪水坝中心地区收获大量绿色的金丝雀草,这些金丝雀草积累的放射性核素较少,禁止沿奥塔瓦放牧动物,以保护它们免受放射性物质的侵害-这些放射性物质可能通过草皮和浅层土壤进入它们的身体。在“靠近河床”和“靠近阶地”的水塘部分,那里的草地积累了更多的铯-137,禁止放牧动物。
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