Past Medical, Gynecological and Pregnancy-Related History and IndependentMetabolic Syndrome Components among Menopausal Women: A HospitalBasedStudy

Abstract

Abstract Objectives: Some pathological situations of female reproductive life predispose mother and offspring to higher risk of development of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, we aimed to assess relationships between all significant medical and gynecologic/pregnancy-related antecedents and metabolic syndrome components in menopausal women. Study design: During a cross-sectional study carried out from August 2014 to January 2015, medical, gynecological and pregnancy-related history was obtained from menopausal women followed for metabolic syndrome at the University of Kinshasa Hospital. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of at least 3 out of 5 criteria according to harmonized definition. Using logistic regression analysis we evaluated the association between history characteristics and metabolic syndrome components (p<0.05 as significant). Results: 42 menopausal women were consecutively enrolled. Dominating characteristics were family history of hypertension (FH-HT) and diabetes mellitus (FH-DM), personal antecedents of spaniomenorrhea, pregnancyassociated urinary tract infection (UTI), premature delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIHT), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), macrosomia, stillbirth and congenital malformations. Significant associations (OR; p) were FH-HT with abdominal obesity (6.2; 0.008) and hypertriglyceridemia (4.9; 0.018); FH-DM with abdominal obesity (55.2; 0.000), hypertriglyceridemia (12.2; 0.001) and low HDL (1.8; 0.02); spaniomenorrhea with obesity (14.8; 0.004), HBP (9.8; 0.018) and hypertriglyceridemia (12.9; 0.006). For obstetrical history the picture was: PIHT with abdominal obesity (24; 0.000) and hypertriglyceridemia (8.2; 0.008); GDM with hypertriglyceridemia (11; 0.012); premature delivery with obesity (4.3; 0.04) and HBP (13; 0.006); stillbirth with HBP (7.2; 0.048) and low HDL (12.1; 0.009); macrosomia with obesity (15.9; 0.000) and hypertriglyceridemia (6.9; 0.008). Conclusion: Apart from known medical risk factors, past spaniomenorrhea emerged as the main gynecological factor whereas premature delivery, gestational diabetes, PIHT, infant’s macrosomia, stillbirth and congenital malformations were obstetrical ones associated with components of MS. They are likely to permit early detection and management of MS.