FEATURES OF THE INFLUENCE OF LEAF FEEDING WITH LIQUID FERTILIZERS ON MINERAL NUTRITION, PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT SEEDS

Abstract

The research was carried out in order to study the effect of top dressing with liquid fertilizers on mineral nutrition, yield and quality of seeds of winter wheat of Kazanskaya 560 varietiy in seed crops. The work was carried out in 2017–2020 in Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan on gray forest soil, characterized by a very low supply of molybdenum, low - zinc, high - copper and manganese, very high - boron. Liquid fertilizers of the Metallocene series containing macro- and microelements were studied. Top dressing was carried out in three terms: the first - in the autumn period with manganese-containing fertilizer Metallocene D with a norm of 1.0 l/ha, the second - during the spring regrowth, the third - in the heading phase with fertilizers with copper (grade A), zinc (grade B), molybdenum and boron (grade C) at rates of 1.0 l/ha. The consumption of working fluid during spraying is 200 l/ha. In 2018 and 2019 dry conditions were noted, in 2020 - favorable for winter wheat. Double foliar application with zinc fertilizer increased the yield by 0.18 t/ha, boron and molybdenum - by 0.16 t/ha. Autumn top dressing with manganese increased the grain harvest by 0.67 t/ha, and against its background with molybdenum-boron fertilizer - by another 0.15 t/ha. Foliar feeding led to an increase in the content and removal of phosphorus from 1 ton of winter wheat seeds. Microfertilizers increased the laboratory germination of seeds of a new crop by 3.1...5.4%, and also reduced their infection with phytopathogenic micromycetes by 1.2...23.0 times. The minimal infection of the seeds of a new crop with fungi causing root rot in the experiment was noted when using the copper-containing fertilizer Metallocene against the background of the autumn application of manganese. The most cost-effective on seed crops of winter wheat were double foliar feeding with molybdenum and boron in combination with the autumn application of manganese (profitability - 71%, against 39% in control).