{"title":"Increased vulvovaginal candidiasis incidence risk in various gestational ages at a private midwifery practice in Surabaya, Indonesia","authors":"Regina Martina Cilik, Willy Sandhika, Z. Faizah","doi":"10.20473/mog.v30i22022.72-77","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS\n1. Hormonal changes during pregnancy lead to the presence of vulvovaginal candidiasis.2. Increased incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in different pregnancy trimesters were analyzed.3. Frequency of vulvovaginal candidiasis tends to increase along with the gestational age.\n \nABSTRACT\nObjectives: This study aimed to analyze whether there was an increase in the incidence risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis at various gestational ages.\nMaterials and Methods: A study examined vaginal smears of pregnant women at a private midwifery practice Farida Hadjri, Surabaya, Indonesia. A total sample of 96 patients was taken by the consecutive sampling method, consisting of 32 patients each from the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester of pregnancy.y The smear was examined using Gram stain at Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Daerah Jawa Timur to detect the presence of fungi elements. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test with 95% confidence interval to investigate whether there was an increased risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis and gestational age.\nResults: There was an increased risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis and increased gestational age (p < 0.05). This result was related to the hormonal status of pregnant women. An increase in estrogen level during pregnancy leads to an increase in glycogen production by vaginal epithelial cells, which cause the vaginal environment to become more susceptible to fungal growth.\nConclusion: There was increased vulvovaginal candidiasis incidence risk along with gestational age. Pregnancy is one of the predisposing factors for candida infection.","PeriodicalId":52893,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Obstetri dan Ginekologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Majalah Obstetri dan Ginekologi","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.20473/mog.v30i22022.72-77","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS
1. Hormonal changes during pregnancy lead to the presence of vulvovaginal candidiasis.2. Increased incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis in different pregnancy trimesters were analyzed.3. Frequency of vulvovaginal candidiasis tends to increase along with the gestational age.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze whether there was an increase in the incidence risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis at various gestational ages.
Materials and Methods: A study examined vaginal smears of pregnant women at a private midwifery practice Farida Hadjri, Surabaya, Indonesia. A total sample of 96 patients was taken by the consecutive sampling method, consisting of 32 patients each from the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester of pregnancy.y The smear was examined using Gram stain at Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Daerah Jawa Timur to detect the presence of fungi elements. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test with 95% confidence interval to investigate whether there was an increased risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis and gestational age.
Results: There was an increased risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis and increased gestational age (p < 0.05). This result was related to the hormonal status of pregnant women. An increase in estrogen level during pregnancy leads to an increase in glycogen production by vaginal epithelial cells, which cause the vaginal environment to become more susceptible to fungal growth.
Conclusion: There was increased vulvovaginal candidiasis incidence risk along with gestational age. Pregnancy is one of the predisposing factors for candida infection.
HIGHLIGHTS1。怀孕期间荷尔蒙的变化会导致外阴阴道念珠菌病的出现。分析了不同妊娠期外阴阴道念珠菌病的发病情况。外阴阴道念珠菌病的发生频率随着胎龄的增加而增加。摘要目的:分析不同胎龄女性外阴阴道念珠菌病的发病风险是否增加。材料和方法:一项研究检查了印度尼西亚泗水Farida Hadjri私人助产诊所孕妇的阴道涂片。采用连续抽样的方法,共抽取96例患者,其中妊娠1、2、3个月各32例。y涂片在Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Daerah Jawa Timur使用革兰氏染色进行检查,以检测真菌元素的存在。数据分析采用卡方检验,95%置信区间调查是否存在外阴阴道念珠菌病风险增加与胎龄的关系。结果:外阴阴道念珠菌病发生风险增高,胎龄增高(p < 0.05)。这一结果与孕妇的荷尔蒙状况有关。怀孕期间雌激素水平的增加导致阴道上皮细胞糖原产生的增加,这导致阴道环境变得更容易受到真菌生长的影响。结论:随着胎龄的增加,外阴阴道念珠菌病的发病率增高。妊娠是念珠菌感染的易感因素之一。