Novel fishway entrance modifications for Pacific lamprey

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of ecohydraulics Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI:10.1080/24705357.2019.1604090
M. Moser, S. Corbett, M. Keefer, K. Frick, S. Lopez-Johnston, C. Caudill
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引用次数: 9

Abstract

Abstract Passage facilities at dams must accommodate a broad array of aquatic species to achieve full river connectivity. In an attempt to improve adult Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) passage, fishway entrance modifications were made at a large dam on the Columbia River in northwestern USA. The modifications consisted of a variable-width entrance weir and flow disrupters to create heterogeneity in water velocities near the bottom, without affecting attraction flows for adult salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) or alosids (Alosa sapidissima). Additionally, a lamprey passage structure (LPS) was installed to provide a lamprey-specific route from tailrace to forebay elevation (31 m). Passive integrated transponders and radio transmitters were used to monitor both Pacific lamprey and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) movements. Fish use of the modified entrance was compared to that at a similar, but unmodified entrance before and after modifications. The entrance modifications resulted in increased velocity heterogeneity, but no measurable improvement in entrance efficiencies for lamprey or salmon. Lamprey successfully ascended the LPS, with annual counts ranging from 48 in 2010 to 3,851 in 2016 (0.2–8.9% of lamprey counted at the dam). Radiotelemetry indicated that tagged lamprey resumed upstream passage after LPS use and travelled at rates similar to those that used traditional fishway routes.
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太平洋七鳃鳗新型鱼道入口改造
水坝的通道设施必须容纳广泛的水生物种,以实现河流的完全连通性。为了改善成年太平洋七鳃鳗(Entosphenus tridentatus)的通道,在美国西北部哥伦比亚河的一个大型水坝上对鱼道入口进行了改造。这些改进包括一个可变宽度的入口堰和水流干扰装置,以在不影响成年鲑(Oncorhynchus spp.)或alosid (Alosa sapidissima)的吸引流的情况下,在靠近底部的地方产生水流的异质性。此外,研究人员还安装了一个七鳃鳗通道结构(LPS),为七鳃鳗提供从尾流到前湾海拔(31米)的特定路线。被动集成应答器和无线电发射器用于监测太平洋七鳃鳗和奇努克鲑鱼(O. tshawytscha)的活动。将改造后的入口与改造前和改造后相似但未改造的入口的鱼类使用情况进行了比较。入口改造增加了速度不均一性,但对七鳃鳗和鲑鱼的入口效率没有明显的改善。七鳃鳗成功地登上了LPS,年计数从2010年的48只增加到2016年的3851只(0.2-8.9%的七鳃鳗在大坝被计数)。无线电遥测表明,在使用LPS后,标记的七鳃鳗恢复了上游通道,并且以与使用传统鱼道路线相似的速度行进。
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