Flood impacts on vegetation and hydraulics in ephemeral channels and dynamics of recovery

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of ecohydraulics Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI:10.1080/24705357.2023.2189168
J. Hooke
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Abstract

Abstract Vegetation can have a particularly strong effect on hydraulics and processes in dryland, ephemeral channels, where plants often occupy the channel bed. To understand the hydraulics, feedback effects and ecological dynamics for use in modelling and management, data on flow effects and vegetation dynamics are needed. Evidence from sites in southeast Spain, monitored for decades, is analysed here in relation to an extreme flood in September 2012 to identify thresholds for damage and destruction of plants, to assess rates of recovery, and to quantify effects of varying vegetation density and height on channel hydraulics. Repeated quadrat measurements provide data on vegetation cover, health and heights of plants, and were analysed in relation to measured flow stage and cross-section topographic surveys before, after and since the 2012 flood. Much of the vegetation was destroyed in the flood event, including the dominant Retama, resetting the vegetation. Threshold levels of shear stress for mortality and removal of the plants have been calculated. Rates of recovery have varied spatially, with little regrowth in main channels or on elevated floodplains, but strong growth occurring on bars. The different degrees of vegetation cover and height are calculated to have a very large effect on the flow hydraulics. The results support the proposal that dense vegetation cover can be highly effective in channel management by slowing flow, reducing erosion and increasing sedimentation.
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洪水对短暂河道植被和水力学的影响及恢复动力学
在旱地,植物经常占据河床的短暂河道中,植被对水力学和过程具有特别强的影响。为了了解用于建模和管理的水力学、反馈效应和生态动力学,需要有关流量效应和植被动力学的数据。本文对来自西班牙东南部地区的证据进行了数十年的监测,并与2012年9月的一场极端洪水进行了分析,以确定植物破坏和破坏的阈值,评估恢复速度,并量化不同植被密度和高度对河道水力的影响。重复的样方测量提供了关于植被覆盖、健康和植物高度的数据,并与2012年洪水之前、之后和之后测量的流量阶段和横断面地形调查进行了分析。大部分植被在洪水事件中被破坏,包括主要的雷塔玛,重新设置植被。已经计算了造成植物死亡和移除的剪应力阈值水平。恢复速率在空间上存在差异,主河道或高架洪泛区几乎没有再生长,而沙洲则有较强的再生长。不同程度的植被覆盖和高度对水流水力学有很大的影响。研究结果支持了这样一种观点,即茂密的植被覆盖可以通过减缓水流、减少侵蚀和增加沉积来非常有效地管理河道。
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