Culturally Tailored Health Strategies: Grounded Theory Analysis of Tongan American Dietary Experiences

Abstract

The objective of this research was to shed light on the dietary experiences and perspectives of Tongan Americans, which play a role in the higher prevalence of obesity among this population. The findings aim to provide insights that can inform culturally sensitive health strategies, nutrition education, and health policies. Using a grounded theory approach, data were gathered through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a diverse sample of Tongan Americans (n=12), focusing on their dietary experiences and the cultural factors influencing their dietary behaviors. The findings highlighted several key barriers to a healthy diet within the Tongan American community, including a prevailing home environment typified by increased consumption of Westernized foods, reliance on food delivery services, and a decline in traditional cooking. Further challenges were found in the physical environment, such as limited access to nutritious, culturally appropriate food and a scarcity of land for traditional farming practices. A marked preference for fast, convenient foods driven by busy lifestyles and low health literacy that hinders informed dietary choices was also noted. The findings from this study form a basis for developing culturally tailored interventions, nutrition education initiatives, and policy suggestions aimed at addressing the intricate dietary habits of Tongan Americans and encouraging healthier eating practices within this community. However, despite these findings, it is evident that more research is needed to fine-tune these strategies, ensuring their efficacy in addressing the increasing issue of obesity and diet-related diseases among Tongan Americans.