Formation and Development of the Iconography of the Mesmeric Seance in the Second Half of the 18th — Late 19th Centuries

IF 0.1 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universiteta-Iskusstvovedenie Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.21638/spbu15.2021.204
D. Martynova
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Abstract

Analyzing the evolution of the iconography of such a phenomenon as mesmerism in the second half of the 18th — mid-19th centuries, the author shows that the scenario of modern hypnotic representation and its gestures were established by mesmerists in the second half of the 18th century, followers of the parascientific theory that caused discussions and intrigued doctors and artists for centuries. Analyzing the development of the iconography of mesmeric seance, the author identifies two waves of popularity of this subject: the first wave in the 70–80s of the 18th century and the second wave during the first decade of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. Such a duration is due to the fascination with the supernatural and inexplicable, reflected in various styles and trends. In this article, the author tries to show how the development of the iconography of the mesmeric seance provoked the appearance of the hypnotist or magician trickster, who became integrated into popular culture that later began to mark the majority of hypnotic actions, spiritualistic sessions or miracle shows. The author also illustrates how the image of a “controller” in the face of a man formed and confirmed the paradigm of a powerless, mysterious and controlled woman. As a result, it is concluded that hypnosis and mesmerism became common theatrical spectacles in the 20th century, cultivating the power of men (patriarchal society) over an exhausted woman, which is reflected in the works of Georges Méliès, Alfred Hitchcock, and even in the comic book Wonder woman.
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18世纪下半叶至19世纪晚期,催眠术降神会图像学的形成与发展
作者分析了18世纪下半叶至19世纪中期催眠现象的图像学演变,表明现代催眠表现的场景及其手势是由18世纪下半叶的催眠术家建立的,催眠术理论的追随者引起了几个世纪的讨论并引起了医生和艺术家的兴趣。通过分析催眠降神学的发展,作者确定了催眠降神学流行的两次浪潮:第一次浪潮发生在18世纪70 - 80年代,第二次浪潮发生在19世纪头十年和20世纪初。这样的持续时间是由于对超自然和莫名其妙的迷恋,体现在各种风格和趋势。在这篇文章中,作者试图展示催眠降神会的图像学的发展如何引发了催眠师或魔术师的出现,他们融入了大众文化,后来开始标志着大多数催眠行为,通灵会议或奇迹表演。作者还阐述了面对男性的“控制者”形象如何形成并证实了无能为力、神秘而受控制的女性范式。因此,我们得出结论,催眠和催眠术在20世纪成为常见的戏剧奇观,培养了男性(父权社会)对疲惫不堪的女性的权力,这反映在乔治·姆姆萨里斯、阿尔弗雷德·希区柯克的作品中,甚至在漫画《神奇女侠》中都有体现。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.20
自引率
50.00%
发文量
9
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