Intracranial dermoid cysts as a cause of cranial nodule in an infant - case report

Abstract

We present a case of a 6-month-old male infant, presenting two sequential cranial swelling with hard consistency, non-adherent to deep planes, without inflammatory signs. A soft tissue ultrasound showed two well-delimited, round formations with surrounding sclerosis, located in the bone diploe. It was not conclusive. Investigation was completed by cranioencephalic magnetic resonance imaging, that revealed two formations suggestive of Dermoid cysts (DCs). It Currently maintains an expectant attitude and clinical stability. Dermoid cysts are benign tumours frequently located in the head. They are among the most common paediatric skull tumours and usually occur as solitary lesions. DCs manifest as a painless, consistent and non-pulsatile swelling. In their natural history, DCs can enlarge and erode the cranial bone, rupture or become infected. Cranioencephalic magnetic resonance imaging can reveal intracranial or intraspinal extension. The clinical approach is controversial.