Obstetrical and perinatal consequences of birth in women depending on the term of gestation

Abstract

The objecticve: to analyze peculiarities of pregnancy course, childbirth and the condition of newborns in women, depending on the gestation period on the basis of clinical and statistical analysis.Materials and methods. An analysis of pregnancy course, childbirth and perinatal outcomes has been carried out in 137 pregnant women. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the gestational age: 41 patients (I group) delivered in 37–40 weeks of gestation and 96 patients (II group) – in 41-42 weeks of pregnancy. Functional assessment of the fetal condition was performed using a cardiotocographic examination with cardiomonitors «Oxford Team 8000» and Hewlett Packard according to the generally accepted method, ultrasound examination – by ultrasound machine «Biomedica Au-530» with a linear sensor of 3.5 MHz frequency. Variational and statistical processing of the results has been carried out using licensed standard packages of multivariate statistical analysis application programs «STATISTICA 13».Results. An evaluation of anamnestic data allowed to establish that the majority of patients in the II group (53.13 %) had extragenital pathology that was in 2 times more than in the I group (24.39 %). The frequency of chronic salpingo-oophoritis was also significantly higher in the II group compared to the I one (12.50 % and 2.44 %, respectively), and such pathology as uterine leiomyoma (7.29 %) and cervical dysplasia (4.17 %) were diagnosed only among the women in the II group.A higher rate of pregnancy loss, anemia during pregnancy and disorders of uteroplacental bloodflow in patients in the II group was determined. The frequency of obstetric complications in the II group was in 4 times higher compared to the I group. This had a direct impact on the increase in the rate of cesarean section and vacuum extraction of fetus. Thus, fetal distress during childbirth was diagnosed in 13.54 % of women in the II group and in 7.32 % in the I group, and the weakness of labor activity (8,3 %) and clinically contracted pelvis (5.21 %) were determined only in the II group. Trauma of the birth canal was found in 37.5 % of women in the II group, which was almost 4 times higher than in the group I (9.76 %). The frequency of postpartum bleeding was also higher in the group II (15.6 %) and exceeded the indicator in the I group (4.88 %) in 3 times.The signs of prolonged pregnancy were found in 7.32 % newborns in the I group and 13.54 % – in the II group. It should be noted that the clinical features of early adaptation, which are characterized by a low Apgar score at birth, as well as higher morbidity, including high frequency of damage to the nervous system were determined in the newborns in the II group.Conclusions. Results of the study indicate the importance of constitutional and age characteristics, as well as concomitant somatic pathology and genital inflammatory diseases in women with a delivery date of 41–42 weeks of pregnancy, which can increase the probability of postterm pregnancy in these women. According to the results of the comparative analysis in the research groups, depending on the date of delivery, the predominance of obstetric and perinatal complications was established in women who delivered at 41–42 weeks of pregnancy compared to women who had labor at 37–40 weeks. A high rate of obstetric complications (anomalies of uterine activity in labor, fetal distress, clinically contracted pelvis) had a direct impact on the increase in a percentage of operative delivery (vacuum extraction of a fetus and caesarean sections). Babies born at 41–42 weeks had clinical features of early adaptation, characterized by a low Apgar score, higher morbidity and frequent damage of the nervous system compared to newborns with gestation period of 37–40 weeks.