Characteristics and Features of Electroencephalography (EEG) in Children with Epilepsy

Abstract

Epilepsy is a manifestation of impaired brain function with various etiologies in the form of recurrent paroxysmal seizure symptoms. Epilepsy occurs mostly in children. Electroencephalography (EEG) is performed to observe epileptogenic foci, certain epilepsy syndromes, evaluate treatment, and determine prognosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics and features of EEG in pediatric patients with epilepsy at Sanglah General Hospital. This study is a retrospective descriptive observational study. The data was achieved from medical records of patients who had just been diagnosed with epilepsy at the Pediatric Clinic of Sanglah General Hospital during the periode of January 2017 to December 2019. There was a total of 204 new epilepsy cases, with the prevalence of 6.4 per 1000 population. The data consists of the men vs female (57.4% vs 42,6%) and the majority of patients age range between 1-5 years old (49%). The data consists of generalized epilepsy with motor tonic clonic onset (75.5%) and focal epilepsy with motor tonic onset (20.6%). EEG examination was abnormal in 55.4% of the cases and abnormalities was found in head CT scans (42.7%). The etiology of pediatrics with epilepsy which was unknown (52.5%). More than half of anti-epileptic drug therapy used a monotherapy of valproic acid (54.4%), and polytherapy therapy of valproic acid and carbamazepine (17.6%). Most of the children had good nutritional status (76%). The data showed that a history of neonatal seizures in was found in 17 cases (8.3%), while a family history of epilepsy was found ini 34 cases (16.7%). Conclution that pediatric epileptic patients present with a generalized type of epilepsy onset tonic-clonic motor with an unknown etiology. EEG images are mostly abnormal. On CT scans of the head, abnormalities were found in 42.7% of cases. Most of them received monotherapy with valproic acid.