Features in the Formation of the Structural State of Low-Carbon Micro-Alloyed Steels after Eletron Beam Welding

D. Laukhin, V. Poznyakov, V. Kostin, O. Beketov, N. Rott, Y. Slupska, L. Dadiverina, O. Liubymova-Zinchenko
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Abstract

Welding thermomechanically-strengthened materials is accompanied with certain difficulties in terms of loss of strength characteristics in the zone of thermal influence. This issue can be resolved by using the technological welding schemes that include fusion of materials in a narrow contact area. One such technological scheme is electron beam welding, which is currently widely used to fabricate structures from refractory and chemically active materials. One of the main advantages of the electron beam welding process is a small quantity of heat input, which leads to the formation of narrow zones of melting and thermal influence and, as a result, minor deformities in the structure of the material. The welded joint can structurally be divided into several zones, which differ in the morphological characteristics of the structure. The most interesting, in terms of ensuring the quality of the joint, are the boundaries between the zones. It has been shown that the use of local heating sources, which is the case at electron beam welding, leads to the migration of the boundaries of grains. As a result, clear intersections, fusion lines, form at the boundaries between zones of the welded joint. The formation of the structural state of a welded joint is predetermined by the simultaneous course of several processes. First, a crystallization from the liquid state – the formation of a welded joint structure, as well as the boundary between a welded joint and the zone of thermal influence. Second, the phase-structural transformations in the solid state – a thermal impact zone, the boundary between a thermal impact zone and the main metal. Given this, one should note that the geometry and quality of joints at electron beam welding are more interrelated than in other welding techniques. Thus, one of the main parameters that ensure the quality of a welded joint is the structural state of the material that forms during welding.
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电子束焊接后低碳微合金钢结构态形成的特点
热机械强化材料的焊接在热影响区存在一定的强度特性损失问题。这一问题可以通过采用在窄接触区域内融合材料的工艺焊接方案来解决。其中一种技术方案是电子束焊接,目前广泛用于制造由耐火材料和化学活性材料制成的结构。电子束焊接工艺的主要优点之一是热量输入量小,这导致形成狭窄的熔化区和热影响区,从而导致材料结构的微小变形。焊接接头在结构上可分为几个区域,这些区域的组织形态特征不同。在确保关节质量方面,最有趣的是区域之间的边界。结果表明,局部热源的使用,如电子束焊接,会导致晶粒边界的迁移。结果,在焊接接头区域之间的边界处形成了清晰的交叉点和熔合线。焊接接头结构状态的形成是由几个过程同时进行所预定的。首先,从液态结晶——焊接接头结构的形成,以及焊接接头和热影响区之间的边界。第二,固态中的相-结构转变-热冲击区,热冲击区与主金属之间的边界。考虑到这一点,我们应该注意到电子束焊接中接头的几何形状和质量比其他焊接技术更相互关联。因此,保证焊接接头质量的主要参数之一是焊接过程中形成的材料的结构状态。
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