K. Guan, M. Egami, D. Egusa, H. Kimizuka, M. Yamasaki, Y. Kawamura, E. Abe
Abstract We have investigated short-range order (SRO) solute clusters in the long-period stacking/order (LPSO) phases with an intrinsic-I (I1) type stacking faults (SFs), which have been uniquely formed in Mg-Co-Y alloys, based on atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with first-principles calculations. The Co3Y5 SRO cluster model embedded across the I1-type SFs has been successfully constructed to satisfy the observed electron diffraction, STEM images and computed energetic stabilities. The optimized Co3Y5 cluster configurations appear to be significantly deviated from the host Mg atom positions and consequently provide a significant gain for the energetic stability of the I1-type LPSO phases. This is a similar phenomenon observed for the major LPSO phases with an intrinsic-II (I2) type SFs, and therefore the solute SRO clusters play an important key role for the formation and stability of the LPSO phases in ternary Mg alloys.
{"title":"Short-Range Order Clusters in the Long-Period Stacking/Order Phases With an Intrinsic-I Type Stacking Fault in Mg-Co-Y Alloys","authors":"K. Guan, M. Egami, D. Egusa, H. Kimizuka, M. Yamasaki, Y. Kawamura, E. Abe","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3878346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3878346","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We have investigated short-range order (SRO) solute clusters in the long-period stacking/order (LPSO) phases with an intrinsic-I (I1) type stacking faults (SFs), which have been uniquely formed in Mg-Co-Y alloys, based on atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with first-principles calculations. The Co3Y5 SRO cluster model embedded across the I1-type SFs has been successfully constructed to satisfy the observed electron diffraction, STEM images and computed energetic stabilities. The optimized Co3Y5 cluster configurations appear to be significantly deviated from the host Mg atom positions and consequently provide a significant gain for the energetic stability of the I1-type LPSO phases. This is a similar phenomenon observed for the major LPSO phases with an intrinsic-II (I2) type SFs, and therefore the solute SRO clusters play an important key role for the formation and stability of the LPSO phases in ternary Mg alloys.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85878970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuming Chen, Ze-jun Ma, S. Qiu, Lian-Ji Zhang, Shang-zhou Zhang, Ruijie Yang, Q. Hu
Phase decomposition influences significantly the mechanical properties of high entropy alloys (HEAs). Prediction of the phase decomposition of HEA is greatly hindered by the hyper-dimensional composition space of the alloys. In the present work, we propose to represent the HEAs as various pseudo-binary alloys of which the temperature dependent free energies as functions of compositions may be readily calculated by using first-principles methods in combination with thermodynamic models. With the calculated free energies, the phase diagrams of the pseudo-binary alloys may be constructed and the phase decomposition can be predicted. This procedure is applied to Hf-Nb-Ta-Ti-Zr alloy with body-centered cubic (BCC) structure. We predict that the equiatomic HfNbTaTiZr HEA suffers from phase decomposition below critical temperature of 1298 K. The HEA decomposes most favorably to BCC NbTa-rich and HfZr-rich phases. The BCC HfZr-rich phase transfers to a hexagonal close-packed structure (HCP) phase at low temperature. The predicted compositions of the decomposed phases are in good agreement with experiment and Thermal-Calc modeling. Furthermore, the effect of the phase decomposition on the strength of the HEA is evaluated by considering the solid-solution and precipitation strengthening mechanisms. The precipitation strengthening effect is stronger than the solid-solution strengthening at the low annealing temperature but becomes weaker at high annealing temperature.
{"title":"Phase Decomposition and Strengthening in Hfnbtatizr High Entropy Alloy from First-Principles Calculations","authors":"Shuming Chen, Ze-jun Ma, S. Qiu, Lian-Ji Zhang, Shang-zhou Zhang, Ruijie Yang, Q. Hu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3931608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3931608","url":null,"abstract":"Phase decomposition influences significantly the mechanical properties of high entropy alloys (HEAs). Prediction of the phase decomposition of HEA is greatly hindered by the hyper-dimensional composition space of the alloys. In the present work, we propose to represent the HEAs as various pseudo-binary alloys of which the temperature dependent free energies as functions of compositions may be readily calculated by using first-principles methods in combination with thermodynamic models. With the calculated free energies, the phase diagrams of the pseudo-binary alloys may be constructed and the phase decomposition can be predicted. This procedure is applied to Hf-Nb-Ta-Ti-Zr alloy with body-centered cubic (BCC) structure. We predict that the equiatomic HfNbTaTiZr HEA suffers from phase decomposition below critical temperature of 1298 K. The HEA decomposes most favorably to BCC NbTa-rich and HfZr-rich phases. The BCC HfZr-rich phase transfers to a hexagonal close-packed structure (HCP) phase at low temperature. The predicted compositions of the decomposed phases are in good agreement with experiment and Thermal-Calc modeling. Furthermore, the effect of the phase decomposition on the strength of the HEA is evaluated by considering the solid-solution and precipitation strengthening mechanisms. The precipitation strengthening effect is stronger than the solid-solution strengthening at the low annealing temperature but becomes weaker at high annealing temperature.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84078407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiyuan Lu, Guosheng Xu, Dehong Chen, Xiang Zhang, Liang Chen, M. Ye, Houyang Y Guo, B. Wan
Stellarator offers an attractive approach to fusion energy, but difficulties in fabricating and assembling complicated 3D coils with tight tolerance requirements severely retard its development. Recent study indicates the coils can be dramatically simplified by introducing permanent magnets. However, the existing designs use permanent magnets with various shapes, sizes and even arbitrary magnetization orientations, so that their fabrication and assembly may be even more difficult and costly than the 3D coils. Here, we propose an innovative strategy to design advanced stellarators with standardized permanent magnet blocks, such as identical cubes. This new magnet design will substantially reduce the difficulty and cost of magnet fabrication and assembly. The magnet blocks can be assembled offline in a mounting frame constructed with 3D printing. These innovations significantly lower the engineering barrier for stellarator construction, which potentially opening a new avenue for fast development of the stellarator fusion approach.
{"title":"Development of Advanced Stellarator With Identical Permanent Magnet Blocks","authors":"Zhiyuan Lu, Guosheng Xu, Dehong Chen, Xiang Zhang, Liang Chen, M. Ye, Houyang Y Guo, B. Wan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3854508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3854508","url":null,"abstract":"Stellarator offers an attractive approach to fusion energy, but difficulties in fabricating and assembling complicated 3D coils with tight tolerance requirements severely retard its development. Recent study indicates the coils can be dramatically simplified by introducing permanent magnets. However, the existing designs use permanent magnets with various shapes, sizes and even arbitrary magnetization orientations, so that their fabrication and assembly may be even more difficult and costly than the 3D coils. Here, we propose an innovative strategy to design advanced stellarators with standardized permanent magnet blocks, such as identical cubes. This new magnet design will substantially reduce the difficulty and cost of magnet fabrication and assembly. The magnet blocks can be assembled offline in a mounting frame constructed with 3D printing. These innovations significantly lower the engineering barrier for stellarator construction, which potentially opening a new avenue for fast development of the stellarator fusion approach.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85022389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Some existing criteria for forming single-phase multicomponent solid-solution alloys (MCSSAs) are assessed, and a new criterion based on the topology of atomic packing is propounded. A new mechanism concerning the development of MCSSAs is posited, where the multicomponent effect in surface layer, reducing the surface free energy of nanocrystalline nucleus, plays a significant role. More reasonable interpretation regarding the phase stability of CoCrFeMnNi alloy annealed at different temperatures is provided.
{"title":"New Mechanism and Criterion for Forming Multi-Component Solid-Solution Alloys","authors":"T. Fang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3855727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3855727","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Some existing criteria for forming single-phase multicomponent solid-solution alloys (MCSSAs) are assessed, and a new criterion based on the topology of atomic packing is propounded. A new mechanism concerning the development of MCSSAs is posited, where the multicomponent effect in surface layer, reducing the surface free energy of nanocrystalline nucleus, plays a significant role. More reasonable interpretation regarding the phase stability of CoCrFeMnNi alloy annealed at different temperatures is provided.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83843249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Magnesium-based metallic glasses are well-known for their low density, high specific strength and potential as resorbable biological implant materials. In this study a range of magnesium-rich (85-87 atomic percent) metallic glasses are developed from the Mg–Pd–Ca and Mg–Pd–Yb alloy systems. A solvent-rich amorphous alloy design method and properties of these amorphous alloys are reported. Mg87Pd7Ca6, Mg86.5Pd7.5Ca6, Mg86.43Pd7.69Ca5.88, Mg86.5Pd7.5Yb6 and Mg86.43Pd7.69Yb5.88 alloys exhibit critical casting thicknesses of 670-750 μm and could be cast as fully-glassy 1 mm diameter rods. Alloys exhibit hardness of 2.7-3.2 GPa, Young's modulus of 62-64 GPa and density of 2.15-2.35 g/cm3 for Ca- and 2.81-2.96 g/cm3 for Yb-containing glasses.
{"title":"Solvent-Rich Magnesium-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses in the Mg–Pd–Ca and Mg–Pd–Yb Alloy Systems","authors":"S. Jilani, Leah S. Koloadin, D. Miskovic, K. Laws","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3873676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3873676","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Magnesium-based metallic glasses are well-known for their low density, high specific strength and potential as resorbable biological implant materials. In this study a range of magnesium-rich (85-87 atomic percent) metallic glasses are developed from the Mg–Pd–Ca and Mg–Pd–Yb alloy systems. A solvent-rich amorphous alloy design method and properties of these amorphous alloys are reported. Mg87Pd7Ca6, Mg86.5Pd7.5Ca6, Mg86.43Pd7.69Ca5.88, Mg86.5Pd7.5Yb6 and Mg86.43Pd7.69Yb5.88 alloys exhibit critical casting thicknesses of 670-750 μm and could be cast as fully-glassy 1 mm diameter rods. Alloys exhibit hardness of 2.7-3.2 GPa, Young's modulus of 62-64 GPa and density of 2.15-2.35 g/cm3 for Ca- and 2.81-2.96 g/cm3 for Yb-containing glasses.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77060177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photo-generation of a proton gradient over a lipid bilayer is of interest due to its essential role in photosynthetic bacteria. Membrane asymmetry is key to the generation of a proton gradient via directional proton transport. Here we report a light-driven proton pump based on two-dimensional, porphyrin-based Janus metal-organic layers (Janus-MOLs) embedded in liposomes. We developed a microemulsion-based method to functionalize the Janus-MOLs with carboxyquinone on one side and Acitretin on the other side. By attaching the Janus-MOLs to liposome surfaces, we obtained a mimic to photosynthetic bacteria. Upon photoexcitation, the porphyrins initiate electron and hole transfers to carboxyquinone and Acitretin, respectively, which undergo redox reactions with freely diffusing quinone (Q) / hydrosemiquinone (HQ·) in the lipid bilayer to produce a concentration gradient of quinone-based species. Owing to different pKa values of HQ+ and HQ ·, these redox reactions trigger proton transport across the membrane to create a pH gradient, which drives ATP production by CF0F1-ATP synthase in a similar fashion as photosynthetic bacteria.
{"title":"Light-Driven Proton Transport Across Liposomal Membranes Enabled by Janus Metal-Organic Layers","authors":"Huihui Hu, Jieyu Zhu, Zhiye Wang, Liulin Yang, Wenbin Lin, Cheng Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3858057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3858057","url":null,"abstract":"Photo-generation of a proton gradient over a lipid bilayer is of interest due to its essential role in photosynthetic bacteria. Membrane asymmetry is key to the generation of a proton gradient via directional proton transport. Here we report a light-driven proton pump based on two-dimensional, porphyrin-based Janus metal-organic layers (Janus-MOLs) embedded in liposomes. We developed a microemulsion-based method to functionalize the Janus-MOLs with carboxyquinone on one side and Acitretin on the other side. By attaching the Janus-MOLs to liposome surfaces, we obtained a mimic to photosynthetic bacteria. Upon photoexcitation, the porphyrins initiate electron and hole transfers to carboxyquinone and Acitretin, respectively, which undergo redox reactions with freely diffusing quinone (Q) / hydrosemiquinone (HQ·) in the lipid bilayer to produce a concentration gradient of quinone-based species. Owing to different pKa values of HQ+ and HQ ·, these redox reactions trigger proton transport across the membrane to create a pH gradient, which drives ATP production by CF0F1-ATP synthase in a similar fashion as photosynthetic bacteria.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78826316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies promise to transform how professionals conduct knowledge work by augmenting their capabilities for making professional judgments. We know little, however, about how human-AI augmentation takes place in practice. Yet, gaining this understanding is particularly important when professionals use AI tools to form judgments on critical decisions. We conducted an in-depth field study in a major U.S. hospital where AI tools were used in three departments by diagnostic radiologists making breast cancer, lung cancer, and bone age determinations. The study illustrates the hindering effects of opacity that professionals experienced when using AI tools and explores how these professionals grappled with it in practice. In all three departments, this opacity resulted in professionals experiencing increased uncertainty because AI tool results often diverged from their initial judgment without providing underlying reasoning. Only in one department (of the three) did professionals consistently incorporate AI results into their final judgments, achieving what we call engaged augmentation. These professionals invested in AI interrogation practices—practices enacted by human experts to relate their own knowledge claims to AI knowledge claims. Professionals in the other two departments did not enact such practices and did not incorporate AI inputs into their final decisions, which we call unengaged “augmentation.” Our study unpacks the challenges involved in augmenting professional judgment with powerful, yet opaque, technologies and contributes to literature on AI adoption in knowledge work.
{"title":"To engage or not to engage with AI for critical judgments: How professionals deal with opacity when using AI for medical diagnosis","authors":"Sarah Lebovitz, Hila Lifshitz-Assaf, N. Levina","doi":"10.1287/orsc.2021.1549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1549","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies promise to transform how professionals conduct knowledge work by augmenting their capabilities for making professional judgments. We know little, however, about how human-AI augmentation takes place in practice. Yet, gaining this understanding is particularly important when professionals use AI tools to form judgments on critical decisions. We conducted an in-depth field study in a major U.S. hospital where AI tools were used in three departments by diagnostic radiologists making breast cancer, lung cancer, and bone age determinations. The study illustrates the hindering effects of opacity that professionals experienced when using AI tools and explores how these professionals grappled with it in practice. In all three departments, this opacity resulted in professionals experiencing increased uncertainty because AI tool results often diverged from their initial judgment without providing underlying reasoning. Only in one department (of the three) did professionals consistently incorporate AI results into their final judgments, achieving what we call engaged augmentation. These professionals invested in AI interrogation practices—practices enacted by human experts to relate their own knowledge claims to AI knowledge claims. Professionals in the other two departments did not enact such practices and did not incorporate AI inputs into their final decisions, which we call unengaged “augmentation.” Our study unpacks the challenges involved in augmenting professional judgment with powerful, yet opaque, technologies and contributes to literature on AI adoption in knowledge work.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76637100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Strickland, B. Nenchev, K. Tassenberg, S. Perry, Gareth R. Sheppard, Hongbiao Dong, Ruiyao Zhang, G. Burca, N. D’Souza
Abstract This article addresses the formation of low angle grain boundaries which give rise to mosaicity, a phenomenon that has only recently received attention in the single crystal Ni-base superalloy field. In this work, post-mortem advanced microscopy characterisation techniques are employed to deduce the dendrite tip growth kinetics from transverse sections of a single crystal turbine blade. As a result, it has been possible to highlight the role of isotherm curvature in inducing lateral macro-segregation parallel to a growing solidification front. Using crystallographic data from time-of-flight energy-resolved neutron imaging and novel Bragg-dip post processing, it is established that lateral macro-segregation induces small angle grain boundaries which gives rise to mosaicity within single crystal Ni-base superalloys. Mosaicity demonstrates good correlation with the local primary spacing, where faster growing dendrites demonstrate greater deviation of 〈001〉 from the casting direction, as compared with those growing at a slower rate. In light of these findings, the origin of mosaicity and its implication to secondary grain formation is discussed.
{"title":"On the Origin of Mosaicity in Directionally Solidified Ni-Base Superalloys","authors":"J. Strickland, B. Nenchev, K. Tassenberg, S. Perry, Gareth R. Sheppard, Hongbiao Dong, Ruiyao Zhang, G. Burca, N. D’Souza","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3854484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3854484","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article addresses the formation of low angle grain boundaries which give rise to mosaicity, a phenomenon that has only recently received attention in the single crystal Ni-base superalloy field. In this work, post-mortem advanced microscopy characterisation techniques are employed to deduce the dendrite tip growth kinetics from transverse sections of a single crystal turbine blade. As a result, it has been possible to highlight the role of isotherm curvature in inducing lateral macro-segregation parallel to a growing solidification front. Using crystallographic data from time-of-flight energy-resolved neutron imaging and novel Bragg-dip post processing, it is established that lateral macro-segregation induces small angle grain boundaries which gives rise to mosaicity within single crystal Ni-base superalloys. Mosaicity demonstrates good correlation with the local primary spacing, where faster growing dendrites demonstrate greater deviation of 〈001〉 from the casting direction, as compared with those growing at a slower rate. In light of these findings, the origin of mosaicity and its implication to secondary grain formation is discussed.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73764934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is huge number of solid wastes produced from Ferroalloy production processes. The solid wastes are crushed raw materials fines during transportation, slags and the fines from the dust collector. Recycling of these solid wastes could obtain resource, environmental and economic benefits. Agglomeration of the wastes and put them back into the submerged arc furnaces is one of the several optimal methods to reuse it. In this study, a preliminary study of the agglomeration of the wastes for FeSi process is presented. The key influence factors, for example, the way of agglomeration, components, binder type and content for different agglomerates were investigated. Compressive strength, thermal strength and drop strength of the briquettes were tested. The results show that the mixed binder can achieve the strength requirements of the briquettes in cold state and high temperature in industry.
{"title":"The Agglomeration of Solid Wastes for Ferroalloy Production","authors":"Fei Li, Zhibo Sun, Fengyun Yan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3926734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3926734","url":null,"abstract":"There is huge number of solid wastes produced from Ferroalloy production processes. The solid wastes are crushed raw materials fines during transportation, slags and the fines from the dust collector. Recycling of these solid wastes could obtain resource, environmental and economic benefits. Agglomeration of the wastes and put them back into the submerged arc furnaces is one of the several optimal methods to reuse it. In this study, a preliminary study of the agglomeration of the wastes for FeSi process is presented. The key influence factors, for example, the way of agglomeration, components, binder type and content for different agglomerates were investigated. Compressive strength, thermal strength and drop strength of the briquettes were tested. The results show that the mixed binder can achieve the strength requirements of the briquettes in cold state and high temperature in industry.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"396 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91458521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The monolithic lining solution for ferroalloys furnaces has developed from the use of hot ramming pastes with coal tar pitch binder, to cold ramming pastes with less harmful components, or non-harmful components. New materials demand improved installation procedures, but they also improve work environment. A good installation is then easier to obtain and control. Recommended changes in installation of new and health friendly materials are given together with measurements of baked properties. We have shown that coal tar pitch containing materials are robust against different heating rates and temperature plateaus, in the previous Infacon. Heating and curing of environmentally friendly materials, are often much more demanding. Measured temperatures inside a monolithic lining during baking are shown together with simulated temperatures done with COMSOL. Properties of new and old materials together with temperatures, and different heating rates are given. These show which changes that should be done in procedures when old and harmful materials are changed into health friendly materials. Temperature measurements and simulations also show when critical areas of the lining are baked, and metal production can start.
{"title":"Furnace Linings With Environmentally Friendly Materials","authors":"L. Lindstad, Antoine Autruffe, M. Bryntesen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3927629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3927629","url":null,"abstract":"The monolithic lining solution for ferroalloys furnaces has developed from the use of hot ramming pastes with coal tar pitch binder, to cold ramming pastes with less harmful components, or non-harmful components. New materials demand improved installation procedures, but they also improve work environment. A good installation is then easier to obtain and control. Recommended changes in installation of new and health friendly materials are given together with measurements of baked properties. We have shown that coal tar pitch containing materials are robust against different heating rates and temperature plateaus, in the previous Infacon. Heating and curing of environmentally friendly materials, are often much more demanding. Measured temperatures inside a monolithic lining during baking are shown together with simulated temperatures done with COMSOL. Properties of new and old materials together with temperatures, and different heating rates are given. These show which changes that should be done in procedures when old and harmful materials are changed into health friendly materials. Temperature measurements and simulations also show when critical areas of the lining are baked, and metal production can start.","PeriodicalId":18268,"journal":{"name":"Materials Engineering eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78599575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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