Evaluation of Everyday Living Areas for Deinstitutionalized Community-Living People with Mental Illness

Challenges Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI:10.3390/challe14030030
Yuri Nakai, Hisao Nakai
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Abstract

Deinstitutionalization of psychiatric care has been associated with increased homelessness, crime, and suicide, partly owing to insufficient, adequate, and accessible community resources. Therefore, appropriate resource placement is a key deinstitutionalization issue. The study’s aim was to identify residential group homes for people with mental illness in Kochi Prefecture, Japan, and the social resources necessary for social reintegration using a geographic information system (GIS). Everyday living areas (ELAs), as defined by the Japanese Community-Based Integrated Care System for People with Mental Illness (CICSM), were assessed using ELA location simulations. We used GIS to determine the spatial distribution of group homes, visiting nursing stations, psychiatric hospitals, daycare centers, and employment support offices. Following the CICSM definition of ELAs, we identified areas that people with mental illness could reach within 30 min on foot/by bicycle and counted the number of social resources in them. The ELA location simulation results suggest that policymakers should avoid uniform distribution of ELAs according to the CICSM definition. Establishing ELAs in suburban areas requires careful consideration of the available community resources, number of people with mental illness, existing support systems, and feasibility of the location.
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精神疾病去机构社区生活人士日常生活区域评估
精神病治疗的去机构化与无家可归、犯罪和自杀的增加有关,部分原因是社区资源不足、充足和可获得。因此,适当的资源安置是一个关键的去机构化问题。本研究的目的是利用地理信息系统(GIS)确定日本高知县精神疾病患者的集体住家,以及重新融入社会所需的社会资源。根据日本社区精神疾病患者综合护理系统(CICSM)定义的日常生活区域(ELAs),使用ELA位置模拟进行评估。我们使用GIS来确定集体之家、访问护理站、精神病院、日托中心和就业支持办公室的空间分布。根据CICSM对ELAs的定义,我们确定了精神疾病患者步行/骑自行车在30分钟内可以到达的区域,并计算了其中的社会资源数量。区位模拟结果表明,根据CICSM的定义,决策者应避免ELA的均匀分布。在郊区建立ELAs需要仔细考虑现有的社区资源、精神疾病患者的数量、现有的支持系统和地点的可行性。
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