Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) or Kawasaki-like syndrome associated with COVID-19

Abstract

   With the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in December 2019, all countries around the world have implemented various strategies to prevent its spread and intensively search for effective treatments. Initially, severe cases of the disease were considered only in adults, but later information appeared on the severe course of the disease in children and adolescents. This condition, which occurs as part of the transferred COVID-19, is called multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) or Kawasaki-like syndrome. The available data indicate that MVS is the result of an innate and adaptive immune response characterized by a cytokine storm and a delayed immunological response to SARS-CoV-2. Epidemiological, clinical, and immunological differences classify MVS as a distinct syndrome from Kawasaki disease (БК), including age range, and geographic and ethnic distribution of patients. It should be noted that new data from patients with MVS point to unique characteristics of the immunological response, as well as clinical similarities with other inflammatory syndromes, which can serve as a guide in the search for molecular mechanisms involved in MVS. This review presents an analysis of studies on this topic: features of pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment methods, as well as further directions for studying the problem. The search for mechanisms for the development of MVS in children continues, and, in turn, medical alertness, timely diagnosis and treatment make it possible to achieve the best possible result for such patients.