{"title":"Epidemiology and Outcomes of Hospitalized Adults with SARS-CoV-2 Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Louisville, Kentucky","authors":"Julio A. Ramirez","doi":"10.18297/jri/vol6/iss1/2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Background: During the ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV-2 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been the primary cause of hospitalization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 1,013 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 CAP from September 2020 through March 2021 in Louisville, Kentucky. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of 1,013 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 CAP at eight of the adult hospitals in the city of Louisville from Septem- ber 2020 through March 2021. Patients with 1) a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2, 2) fever, cough, or shortness of breath, and 3) an infiltrate on chest imaging were defined as having SARS- CoV-2 CAP. Data were abstracted from each hospital’s electronic health record. Descriptive statistics were performed on clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 CAP. Demographic characteristics of the study population were compared with census data from the city of Louisville. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using R version 3.4.0. Results: Of the 1,013 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV- 2 CAP, the median age was 65 years, 53% were males, 24% reported their race as African American or Black, and 6% identified as Hispanic. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (73%), obesity (56%), and diabetes (43%). At the time of admission, 60% required supplemental oxygen. The mortality rate was 19% for the total population and 45% for the 359 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). For each comorbidity, the proportion of hospital- ized patients with SARS-CoV-2 CAP was significantly different from the Louisville population ( P < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in race or ethnicity compared to the city of Louisville. Conclusions: The elderly, males, and patients with a history of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, or obesity are overrepresented among hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 CAP compared to the Louisville population. These patients are also more likely to require ICU care and experience worse clinical outcomes, with death oc- curring in approximately one in every five hospitalizations.","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.18297/jri/vol6/iss1/2","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
Background: During the ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV-2 community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been the primary cause of hospitalization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 1,013 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 CAP from September 2020 through March 2021 in Louisville, Kentucky. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of 1,013 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 CAP at eight of the adult hospitals in the city of Louisville from Septem- ber 2020 through March 2021. Patients with 1) a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2, 2) fever, cough, or shortness of breath, and 3) an infiltrate on chest imaging were defined as having SARS- CoV-2 CAP. Data were abstracted from each hospital’s electronic health record. Descriptive statistics were performed on clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 CAP. Demographic characteristics of the study population were compared with census data from the city of Louisville. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using R version 3.4.0. Results: Of the 1,013 patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV- 2 CAP, the median age was 65 years, 53% were males, 24% reported their race as African American or Black, and 6% identified as Hispanic. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (73%), obesity (56%), and diabetes (43%). At the time of admission, 60% required supplemental oxygen. The mortality rate was 19% for the total population and 45% for the 359 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). For each comorbidity, the proportion of hospital- ized patients with SARS-CoV-2 CAP was significantly different from the Louisville population ( P < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in race or ethnicity compared to the city of Louisville. Conclusions: The elderly, males, and patients with a history of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, diabetes, renal disease, or obesity are overrepresented among hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 CAP compared to the Louisville population. These patients are also more likely to require ICU care and experience worse clinical outcomes, with death oc- curring in approximately one in every five hospitalizations.