María E Torres-Acosta, Rocío M Cubos-Moncada, Alan Y Martínez-Castellanos
{"title":"COVID-19 Hospital Mortality Among Patients with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Comparison Between Public and Private Healthcare Services in San Luis Potosí 2020–2022","authors":"María E Torres-Acosta, Rocío M Cubos-Moncada, Alan Y Martínez-Castellanos","doi":"10.55504/2473-2869.1271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55504/2473-2869.1271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María E Torres-Acosta, Rocío M Cubos-Moncada, Alan Y Martínez-Castellanos
{"title":"COVID-19 Hospital Mortality Among Patients with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Comparison Between Public and Private Healthcare Services in San Luis Potosí 2020–2022","authors":"María E Torres-Acosta, Rocío M Cubos-Moncada, Alan Y Martínez-Castellanos","doi":"10.55504/2473-2869.1271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55504/2473-2869.1271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: COVID-19 infection is associated with neurologic and psychiatric morbidity that suggests a direct effect of the virus or secondary effect of an inflammatory process. These neuropsychiatric consequences may increase the likelihood of schizophrenia in the offspring of women who become infected with COVID-19 during their pregnancy. Methods: We performed a directed narrative review of the literature focusing on the proposed pathophysiological processes that lead to schizophrenia and known pathological consequences of COVID-19 infection. Results: Schizophrenia in adult offspring has been associated with maternal infections during pregnancy by a wide range of respiratory and neurotropic pathogens. Spikes in the incidence of schizophrenia approximately 20 years after several influenza pandemics have been documented. There are multiple lines of evidence suggesting that a similar pattern may be seen due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. These include the nonspecific consequences of acute illness and hyperpyrexia, as well as more specific derangements of brain development related to direct effects of the virus or secondary effects of the inflammatory response on the developing brain. There is the potential to prospectively test this hypothesis by following the offspring of women who are known to have developed COVID-19 during their pregnancy. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic
{"title":"Neurotropic Manifestations as a Potential Risk Factor for Schizophrenia Following in utero Exposure to SARS-CoV-2","authors":"M. M. A. Talpur, Omar H. Elsayed, R. El-Mallakh","doi":"10.55504/2473-2869.1268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55504/2473-2869.1268","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 infection is associated with neurologic and psychiatric morbidity that suggests a direct effect of the virus or secondary effect of an inflammatory process. These neuropsychiatric consequences may increase the likelihood of schizophrenia in the offspring of women who become infected with COVID-19 during their pregnancy. Methods: We performed a directed narrative review of the literature focusing on the proposed pathophysiological processes that lead to schizophrenia and known pathological consequences of COVID-19 infection. Results: Schizophrenia in adult offspring has been associated with maternal infections during pregnancy by a wide range of respiratory and neurotropic pathogens. Spikes in the incidence of schizophrenia approximately 20 years after several influenza pandemics have been documented. There are multiple lines of evidence suggesting that a similar pattern may be seen due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. These include the nonspecific consequences of acute illness and hyperpyrexia, as well as more specific derangements of brain development related to direct effects of the virus or secondary effects of the inflammatory response on the developing brain. There is the potential to prospectively test this hypothesis by following the offspring of women who are known to have developed COVID-19 during their pregnancy. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47421887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kahlon, Ravina Ramnani, Kartikeya Rajpal, Yusra Irshad, Sudeep Chapagain, Arushee Bhatnagar, Steven B. Lippmann
See editorial commentary on this article Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of many etiologies for acute respiratory tract illness among all age groups. Clinical presentation differs depending on age, health status, and whether the infection is primary or secondary. RSV is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children under the age of one.[1] Adults, especially those who are older and/or have predisposing conditions, also have high susceptibility. Many viruses cause upper respiratory tract illnesses and induce severe manifestations when affecting the lower respiratory tract.[1] The annual rate of RSV hospitalization is just over 4 per 1,000 among children under the age of five years and is highest among those under six months at 20 per 1,000.[2]
{"title":"The Impact Of The COVID-19 Pandemic On Respiratory Syncytial Virus","authors":"A. Kahlon, Ravina Ramnani, Kartikeya Rajpal, Yusra Irshad, Sudeep Chapagain, Arushee Bhatnagar, Steven B. Lippmann","doi":"10.55504/2473-2869.1267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55504/2473-2869.1267","url":null,"abstract":"See editorial commentary on this article Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of many etiologies for acute respiratory tract illness among all age groups. Clinical presentation differs depending on age, health status, and whether the infection is primary or secondary. RSV is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children under the age of one.[1] Adults, especially those who are older and/or have predisposing conditions, also have high susceptibility. Many viruses cause upper respiratory tract illnesses and induce severe manifestations when affecting the lower respiratory tract.[1] The annual rate of RSV hospitalization is just over 4 per 1,000 among children under the age of five years and is highest among those under six months at 20 per 1,000.[2]","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48027260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
See review article by Kahlon et al. With this issue of the Journal is the short review, “The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Respiratory Syncytial Virus”, and during its submission to publishing process, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for adults in May— twice. Generally, RSV accounts for 60,000 to 160,000 adults being hospitalized per year, and the virus kills 6,000 to 10,000 adults per year. The highest risk factors are age ≥65 years, heart disease, lung disease, and immunosuppression. From the perspective of viruses, SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 dominated the winter respiratory seasons of 2020–21 and 2021– 22. From the perspective of the research scientists, their decades-long work on a vaccine for RSV was interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic as resources shifted from RSV to SARS-CoV-2. The remaining work accelerated, however, after the pandemic waned in 2022–23. The history of an RSV vaccine is worth mentioning to appreciate the recent progress that has been made, including the release and approval of multiple vaccines.
{"title":"On the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine","authors":"F. Arnold","doi":"10.55504/2473-2869.1270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55504/2473-2869.1270","url":null,"abstract":"See review article by Kahlon et al. With this issue of the Journal is the short review, “The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Respiratory Syncytial Virus”, and during its submission to publishing process, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for adults in May— twice. Generally, RSV accounts for 60,000 to 160,000 adults being hospitalized per year, and the virus kills 6,000 to 10,000 adults per year. The highest risk factors are age ≥65 years, heart disease, lung disease, and immunosuppression. From the perspective of viruses, SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 dominated the winter respiratory seasons of 2020–21 and 2021– 22. From the perspective of the research scientists, their decades-long work on a vaccine for RSV was interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic as resources shifted from RSV to SARS-CoV-2. The remaining work accelerated, however, after the pandemic waned in 2022–23. The history of an RSV vaccine is worth mentioning to appreciate the recent progress that has been made, including the release and approval of multiple vaccines.","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45250860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir Khalil, Suma Alzouhayli, Silvia Novakova, Saad Shams, Ahmad Baiyasi, M. Khalil, M. Uddin, A. Shiari, Kareem Bazzy
Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) is a complication of decompensated liver cirrhosis that only occurs in about 5–6% of cirrhosis patients, defined as a pleural fluid in the setting of known liver disease, with the absence of any other cardiopulmonary etiology. Infected HH is a rare complication, designated as spontaneous bacterial empyema (SBEM), found in only 13–16% of patients with HH. This case follows a patient with SBEM who developed a recurrent pleural effusion minutes after thoracentesis. Our patient is a 56-year-old female with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis with pleuritic pain found to have right-sided pleural effusion with decompensation. She had no ascites. She was initiated on antibiotics due to leukocytosis and underwent thoracentesis, revealing a sterile but exudative pleural effusion with high neutrophil count, confirming the diagnosis of SBEM. Despite initial symptom relief, her respiratory symptoms recurred within mere minutes of thoracentesis. Imaging showed reaccumulated right-sided effusion, and repeat thoracentesis showed a transuda-tive effusion, suggesting HH. While she was in our care, we pursued expert consultation with gastroenterology and thoracic surgery; based on our shared clinical decision making, we agreed that definitive intervention with either indwelling catheter or intrapleural surgical options would cause more harm than good to our patient given her decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis. The patient was discharged with instructions for serial thoracentesis and close follow-up with gas-troenterology to discuss next steps regarding her advanced and uncontrolled cirrhosis. We refer to this case to discuss HH and its rare complication of SBEM, as well as the management options for patients with these conditions.
{"title":"Tapped Twice: A Case of a Rapidly Re-accumulating Hepatic Hydrothorax in a Patient with Spontaneous Bacterial Empyema","authors":"Amir Khalil, Suma Alzouhayli, Silvia Novakova, Saad Shams, Ahmad Baiyasi, M. Khalil, M. Uddin, A. Shiari, Kareem Bazzy","doi":"10.55504/2473-2869.1253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55504/2473-2869.1253","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) is a complication of decompensated liver cirrhosis that only occurs in about 5–6% of cirrhosis patients, defined as a pleural fluid in the setting of known liver disease, with the absence of any other cardiopulmonary etiology. Infected HH is a rare complication, designated as spontaneous bacterial empyema (SBEM), found in only 13–16% of patients with HH. This case follows a patient with SBEM who developed a recurrent pleural effusion minutes after thoracentesis. Our patient is a 56-year-old female with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis with pleuritic pain found to have right-sided pleural effusion with decompensation. She had no ascites. She was initiated on antibiotics due to leukocytosis and underwent thoracentesis, revealing a sterile but exudative pleural effusion with high neutrophil count, confirming the diagnosis of SBEM. Despite initial symptom relief, her respiratory symptoms recurred within mere minutes of thoracentesis. Imaging showed reaccumulated right-sided effusion, and repeat thoracentesis showed a transuda-tive effusion, suggesting HH. While she was in our care, we pursued expert consultation with gastroenterology and thoracic surgery; based on our shared clinical decision making, we agreed that definitive intervention with either indwelling catheter or intrapleural surgical options would cause more harm than good to our patient given her decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis. The patient was discharged with instructions for serial thoracentesis and close follow-up with gas-troenterology to discuss next steps regarding her advanced and uncontrolled cirrhosis. We refer to this case to discuss HH and its rare complication of SBEM, as well as the management options for patients with these conditions.","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47735894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agede O Ayodele, Isa M. Wasagu, A. Fawibe, A. Salami
Background: Even though the proportional burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among never-smokers is significant in both developing and developed nations, accounting for around 30% of all COPD in the community, there is little awareness of the prevalence of COPD in this population. Understanding the molecular processes that underlie COPD in nonsmokers is essential. Methods: A dataset (GSE146560) was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The limma and clusterProfiler software tools were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and conduct a functional enrichment analysis respectively. Results: In all, 10,583 DEGs were found, of which 1,065 were up-regulated and 9,518 were down-regulated. Kyoto Ency-clopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, taste transduction, maturity onset diabetes of the young, Hippo signaling pathway, insulin secretion, dilated cardiomyopathy, morphine addiction
背景:尽管在发展中国家和发达国家，不吸烟者中慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的比例负担都很显著，约占社区所有COPD的30%，但人们对这一人群中COPD的患病率知之甚少。了解非吸烟者慢性阻塞性肺病的分子过程至关重要。方法:从Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)获取数据集GSE146560。使用limma和clusterProfiler软件工具分别鉴定差异表达基因(deg)并进行功能富集分析。结果:共发现10583个deg，其中上调1065个，下调9518个。京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路，如神经活性配体-受体相互作用、味觉转导、青少年成熟型糖尿病、河马信号通路、胰岛素分泌、扩张型心肌病、吗啡成瘾
{"title":"Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with COPD in non-smokers and smokers: A Bioinformatics Analysis","authors":"Agede O Ayodele, Isa M. Wasagu, A. Fawibe, A. Salami","doi":"10.55504/2473-2869.1261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55504/2473-2869.1261","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Even though the proportional burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among never-smokers is significant in both developing and developed nations, accounting for around 30% of all COPD in the community, there is little awareness of the prevalence of COPD in this population. Understanding the molecular processes that underlie COPD in nonsmokers is essential. Methods: A dataset (GSE146560) was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The limma and clusterProfiler software tools were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and conduct a functional enrichment analysis respectively. Results: In all, 10,583 DEGs were found, of which 1,065 were up-regulated and 9,518 were down-regulated. Kyoto Ency-clopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, taste transduction, maturity onset diabetes of the young, Hippo signaling pathway, insulin secretion, dilated cardiomyopathy, morphine addiction","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48421524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shreya Anil Kumar, Anushka Pradhan, A. Elsebaie, Karina Fainchtein, A. Noureldin, Yousra Tera, S. Kazi, M. Othman
{"title":"COVID-19 Coagulopathies: Highlights of 2020–2021 Reported Data","authors":"Shreya Anil Kumar, Anushka Pradhan, A. Elsebaie, Karina Fainchtein, A. Noureldin, Yousra Tera, S. Kazi, M. Othman","doi":"10.55504/2473-2869.1246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55504/2473-2869.1246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41462460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subathra Marimuthu, H. Aliesky, H. Ness, Daniya Sheikh, Sathya Rashmit, Dawn Balcom, L. Wolf
{"title":"Performance of a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Assay with Non-Traditional Specimen Types","authors":"Subathra Marimuthu, H. Aliesky, H. Ness, Daniya Sheikh, Sathya Rashmit, Dawn Balcom, L. Wolf","doi":"10.55504/2473-2869.1260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55504/2473-2869.1260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46434054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What? Now a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Epidemic","authors":"A. Allam, Steven B. Lippmann","doi":"10.55504/2473-2869.1262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55504/2473-2869.1262","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":91979,"journal":{"name":"The University of Louisville journal of respiratory infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44760652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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