Mechanical properties and X-ray diffraction analyses of clay/sand pellets for CO2 adsorption: the effects of sand content and humidity

Abstract

In this work, we report the mechanical properties of an alternative material based on a mixture of natural clay and ferruginous sand in pellet form for CO2 capture. These raw materials were collected from Ecuador, and they contain iron and titanium oxides from volcanic origin. To evaluate the effect of the sand content on the mechanical properties of pellets, the samples were manually prepared with 0 (control sample), 15, and 25 wt.% sand contents and analyzed using free-fall drop impact and uniaxial compression tests. The uniaxial compression test was carried out under three conditions: using sieved sand, using sand without sieving, and under wet conditions. The sand contents caused the drop number to decrease in the free-fall drop impact test. From the uniaxial compression test, the compressive strength, elastic modulus, and toughness were calculated. The elastic modulus showed a better performance for samples with lower porosity. The compressive strength demonstrated higher values for samples with 15 wt.% sand contents than for samples with the other sand contents. The toughness values did not significantly change. It was evidenced that the porosity, mineral composition, and humidity exerted an influence during the mechanical tests. The mineral phases were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and quantitative analysis based on whole-powder-pattern fitting revealed that the iron and titanium oxide contents increased as the concentration of sand in the pellets increased.