A “Plant-Wearable System” for Its Health Monitoring by Intra- and Interplant Communication

Umberto Garlando;Stefano Calvo;Mattia Barezzi;Alessandro Sanginario;Paolo Motto Ros;Danilo Demarchi
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Abstract

A step forward in smart agriculture is moving to direct monitoring plants and crops instead of their environment. Understanding plant status is crucial in improving food production and reducing the usage of water and chemicals in agriculture. Here, we propose a “plant-wearable,” low-cost, and low-power method to measure in-vivo green plant stem frequency as the indicator for plant watering stress status. Our method is based on measuring the frequency of a digital signal obtained with a relaxation oscillator where the plant is a part of the feedback loop. The frequency was correlated with the soil water potential, used as a critical indicator of plant water stress, and an 85% correlation was found. In this way, the measuring system matches all the requirements of smart agriculture and Internet of Things (IoT): ultra-low-cost, low-complexity, ultra-low-power, and small sizes, introducing the concept of wearability in plant monitoring. The proposed solution exploits the plant and the soil as a communication channel: the signal carrying the plant watering stress status information is transmitted to a receiving system connected to a different plant. The system's current consumption is lower than 50  $\bm {\mu }$ A during the transmission in the plant and 40 mA for wireless communication. During inactivity periods, the total current consumption is lower than 15 $\bm {\mu }$ A. Another important aspect is that the system has to be energy autonomous. Our proposal is based on energy harvesting solutions from multiple sources: solar cells and plant microbial fuel cells. This way, the system is batteryless, thanks to supercapacitors as a storage element. The system can be deployed in the fields and used to monitor plants directly in their environment.
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通过植物内部和植物之间的通信监测植物健康状况的 "植物可穿戴系统
智能农业向前迈出的一步是直接监测植物和作物,而不是它们所处的环境。了解植物的状态对于提高粮食产量、减少农业用水和化学品的使用至关重要。在这里,我们提出了一种 "植物可穿戴"、低成本、低功耗的方法,用于测量体内绿色植物茎的频率,作为植物浇水压力状态的指标。我们的方法基于测量通过弛豫振荡器获得的数字信号的频率,植物是反馈回路的一部分。该频率与作为植物水分胁迫关键指标的土壤水势相关,相关性达到 85%。因此,该测量系统符合智能农业和物联网(IoT)的所有要求:超低成本、低复杂性、超低功耗和小尺寸,并在植物监测中引入了可穿戴概念。建议的解决方案利用植物和土壤作为通信渠道:将携带植物浇水压力状态信息的信号传输到连接到不同植物的接收系统。在植物中传输时,系统的电流消耗低于 50 mA,无线通信时低于 40 mA。在非活动期间,总电流消耗低于 15 mA。另一个重要方面是,该系统必须具有能源自主性。我们的建议基于多种能源收集解决方案:太阳能电池和植物微生物燃料电池。这样,由于采用了超级电容器作为存储元件,该系统就无需电池。该系统可部署在田间地头,用于直接监测植物所处的环境。
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2024 Index IEEE Transactions on AgriFood Electronics Vol. 2 Table of Contents Front Cover IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Information IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Information
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