Insecticidal activity of Lantana camara extract oil on controlling maize grain weevils

A. Ayalew
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引用次数: 22

Abstract

Postharvest losses are known to be one of the serious constraints upon food security among farmers poor resource in Africa. The use of botanical insecticide in pest management during storage against weevils is often encouraged because synthetic insecticides produce multiple side effects on human and environment. In this study, the insecticidal property of methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of Lantana camara leaf oil and powder for controlling maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais, was studied. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to identify the chemical composition and functional group of solvent extract, respectively. Adult weevil repellency and mortality were studied by the effect of oil concentration at 0% (w/w), 2% (w/w), 3% (w/w), 5% (w/w), 7% (w/w), and 10% (w/w). Repellency effect was also conducted at 6, 12, and 24 h. The number of weevil death increased significantly as exposed time was increased. The extracted oil by the three-solvent fraction had direct repellent and toxic effect to the weevil. From all treatment applied, extracted by methanol fraction had showed highest percentage mortality (74%). The lowest mortality rate was observed in ethyl acetate extract (26%) at 2% (w/w) concentration. The effect of leaf powder and extracted oil on repellency and mortality for insects was due to the presence of bioactive and phytochemical molecules such as Phytol, Pyrroline, Paromomycin, Pyrrolizin, and 1-Eicosano. It was concluded that both L. camara leaf powder and extract oil can be used for the protection of stored maize from infestation S. zeamais.
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山楂提取物油对玉米粒象鼻虫的杀虫活性研究
众所周知,收获后损失是非洲资源贫乏的农民粮食安全的严重制约因素之一。由于合成杀虫剂对人类和环境产生多重副作用,因此通常鼓励在储存期间使用植物性杀虫剂防治象鼻虫。本文研究了柳叶油和粉的甲醇、乙醇和乙酸乙酯提取物对玉米象鼻虫的杀虫效果。采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分别对溶剂提取物的化学成分和官能团进行鉴定。采用0% (w/w)、2% (w/w)、3% (w/w)、5% (w/w)、7% (w/w)和10% (w/w)油浓度对成虫的驱避力和死亡率进行研究。在6、12、24 h均有驱避效果,随暴露时间的延长,象鼻虫死亡数量显著增加。三溶剂萃取油对象鼻虫有直接驱避和毒杀作用。在所有处理中,甲醇萃取的死亡率最高(74%)。在2% (w/w)浓度的乙酸乙酯提取物中,死亡率最低(26%)。叶粉和提取油对昆虫的驱避和死亡率的影响是由于其生物活性和植物化学分子的存在,如叶绿醇、吡咯啉、帕罗霉素、吡咯lizin和1-Eicosano。综上所述,玉米叶粉和提取油均可用于储藏玉米防玉米蚜。
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