Progress in Microalgae Application for CO2 Sequestration

Abstract

The use of microalgae for CO₂ sequestration helps in mitigating global warming. This paper reviews the application of microalgae for CO₂ sequestration with emphasis on performance evaluation, lifecycle, economic assessment, as well as environmental impact. The CO₂ sequestration mechanism is done during photosynthesis, via bioconcentration. Performance evaluation revealed that the efficiency of capture and sequestration of CO₂ by microalgae ranges between 40% and 93.7%. However, the macro performance of microalgae in carbon emission reduction has not yet been fully understood, and therefore requires more studies. Also, the cost-effectiveness of the CO₂ sequestration by microalgae cultivation still needs more research based on recent economic realities. It is recommended that design and operation be focused on cost-effectiveness so the technology can compete favourably with existing technologies. Overall, it can be surmised that the application of microalgae for CO₂ sequestration is an effective technique for carbon capture, but still has interesting areas for development for greater global environmental impact.