GIZAChain: e-Government Interoperability Zone Alignment, based on blockchain technology

Abstract

E-government provides access to services anytime anywhere. There are many e-Government frameworks already exist to integrate e-government services, but efficient full interoperability still a challenge. Interoperability per se can be modeled via four maturity stages, in which the interoperability zone is the holy grail of full interoperability to be reached ultimately with strategy alignment. As e-government services shift in the same way as e-commerce with value chain, this implicitly implies the possibility of benefiting from blockchain with e-government. Blockchain is a nascent promising architecture, whose transactions are permanent, verifiable, and recorded in a distributed ledger. This research article suggests applying blockchain in achieving e- government interoperability. Forms are juxtaposed on the outer borders of the system. These forms adopt those used by UK government, because they are standard as well as they are available for Python developers. Once a form has been completed, PySOA calls the requested service, before storing the data in Ontology Blockchain. After the service is performed, the policies are analyzed in batch processing using quantgov. A report is submitted to the central government periodically. Ontology Blockchain has a dual effect. On the one hand, it works as a secure data storage. On the other hand, it cooperates with PySOA in supporting both technology and semantic interoperability . The most important feature of the proposed method is the presence of (Government Interoperability Zone Alignment; GIZA), which acts as a backbone that coherently connects the internal subcomponents. This linkage is possible, because each form has an title, that corresponds to the appropriate service name. Each service in turn has a counterpart in the wallets stored in Ontology blockchain. To measure interoperability empirically, there is a need for metrics. This study adopts and quantizes a standard interoperability matrix along three dimensions of interoperability of Conceptual (Syntax& Semantics), Organizational (Responsibilities& Organization per se), and Technology (Platform& Communication). While concerns are : data, business, service, and process. Any deviation from the standard could contributes to the interoperability score (counting mismatches) or interoperability grade (counting absolute differences). An estimation is performed, for 1000 total random cases. It is estimated that the probability of getting a conceptual/technical interoperability score as large as the standard strategy score is (713 /1000 = 0.713 (2 in 3). It is estimated too that the probability of getting a organizational interoperability score as large as the standard strategy score is (712 /1000 = 0.712 (2 in 3). Then, Markov model is proposed to provide an accurate representation of the evolution of the strategies over time.