Microbiota disorders and food hypersensitivity in autism spectrum disorders; what do we know?

Abstract

Pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is probably multifactorial. Many studies have shown intestinal dysbiosis in children with autism. Moreover, gastrointestinal disturbances, probably resulting from abnormal microbiota composition, are commonly reported in children with autism. Another aspect, that may have negative influence on ASD children’s behavior are enzymopathies (enzymatic deficiency). Lack of selected gastrointestinal enzymes leads to inappropriate nutrients decomposition (mainly gluten and casein) and formation of so called exorphins, i.e. substances with opioid activity (opioid therapy). Because of increased permeability of the intestinal barrier and cerebrospinal axis, exorphins and others improperly digested food particles may be transported to the central nervous system. Consequently, disorders in brain development and children’s behavior deterioration may be observed. Studies have shown that both microflora disorders and increased intestinal permeability may contribute to behavioral impairment.