Evaluation of urea, creatinine levels, and proteinuria among obese individuals within abakaliki metropolis

Abstract

Context: The deleterious effects of obesity on human health are systemic, and kidney dysfunction is now recognized as a health risk posed by obesity. Aim: The study was aimed at evaluating serum urea, creatinine levels, and proteinuria among obese individuals living in Abakaliki Metropolis. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study of individuals living within Abakaliki Metropolis between August 2020 and September 2021. Materials and Methods: A total of 242 participants made up of 168 obese and 74 non-obese who consented to the study were recruited. Blood and urine samples were collected for the estimation of urea, creatinine levels, and proteinuria. Anthropometric data were collected using meter rule and digital scale for calculation of body mass index (BMI). Demographic data were collected using structured questionnaires. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured using a digital sphygmomanometer under standard conditions. Statistical Analysis: The data generated were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago Illinois). Results: The results showed a higher BMI, SBP, DBP, urea, and creatinine levels in those with obesity than the non-obese. Females with obesity had non-significantly higher levels of urea and creatinine than males with obesity (P > 0.05). BMI, age, and SBP were observed to positively correlate with urea and creatinine levels among the obese. Participants in class II obesity had the highest urea level (6.37 ± 4.65) compared to other groups. Conclusion: A good control of weight helps to forestall progressive renal impairment.