When god is watching: dictator game results from the Sursurunga of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea

IF 3.6 3区 哲学 0 RELIGION Religion Brain & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI:10.1080/2153599X.2021.2006284
Alexander H. Bolyanatz
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

ABSTRACT The influence of religious beliefs on social complexity is a fairly straightforward account. The possibility of social life beyond a face-to-face community exists when supernaturally sanctioned prosocial moral norms include an expanding circle of humanity—that is, when non-kin are treated as kin. This paper describes an effort to gain a clearer picture of the ways in which belief in a moralistic deity affects people’s behavior toward others, including distant coreligionists and faraway strangers, using Dictator Game (DG) play among the Sursurunga of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. The DG experiments employed two conditions: a Local God condition and a Big God condition. Two predictions were made about the recipients of greater allocations of money in the Big God condition: (1) a distant coreligionist over a member of one’s kin group, and (2) a faraway stranger over a distant coreligionist. A final prediction was that (3) all allocations to oneself would be lower in the Big God condition than in the Local God condition. Only predictions (2) and (3) were supported by the results. An unexpected and surprising outcome was that after playing DG, participants who kept more for themselves tended to view God as less moralistic and less punitive.
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当上帝注视:巴布亚新几内亚新爱尔兰Sursurunga的独裁者游戏结果
宗教信仰对社会复杂性的影响是一个相当直接的解释。当超自然认可的亲社会道德规范包括一个不断扩大的人类圈子时——也就是说,当非亲属被视为亲属时——超越面对面社区的社会生活的可能性就存在了。本文利用巴布亚新几内亚新爱尔兰Sursurunga的“独裁者游戏”(DG),描述了对道德神的信仰如何影响人们对他人(包括远方的同教者和远方的陌生人)的行为的更清晰的描述。DG实验采用两种条件:局域神条件和大神条件。在“大神”的情况下,对获得更多钱的人做出了两种预测:(1)远方的同教者比自己的亲属群体成员更受欢迎;(2)远方的陌生人比远方的同教者更受欢迎。最后的预测是(3)在大神条件下,所有分配给自己的钱都比在局域神条件下少。只有预测(2)和(3)得到结果的支持。一个出乎意料的结果是,在玩了《DG》之后,那些为自己保留更多内容的参与者倾向于认为上帝不那么道德,也不那么具有惩罚性。
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CiteScore
3.00
自引率
13.60%
发文量
93
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